Paragraph numbers below are the court’s original numbering, recovered from the source text.
10. The learned senior counsel also drew attention to Section 8(1)(h) of the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003, wherein the CVC has been bestowed the function and power to exercise superintendence over the vigilance administration of the various Ministries of the Central Government or Corporations established by or under any Central Act, Government companies, societies and local authorities owned or controlled by that Government. Attention was also drawn to Clause 7.9.1 of the CVC’s Vigilance Manual, 2017, whereby Central Vigilance Officers of the Ministries/Departments and all other organisations are required to seek the Commission’s first stage advice after obtaining the tentative views of Disciplinary Authorities on the reports of the preliminary inquiry/investigation of all complaints involving allegation(s) of corruption or improper motive; or if the alleged facts prima-facie indicate an element of vigilance angle.
11. Lastly, the learned senior counsel referred to affidavits dated 23rd May, 2019 and 13th June, 2019, filed by the General Manager and the Executive Director, respectively, before the Hon’ble High Court in Civil Misc. Writ Petition No. 6976 of 2019. Learned senior counsel stated that Respondents vide these two affidavits have admitted that the proceedings initiated against the appellant have a vigilance 50 angle and therefore the case has been referred to the CVC for their advice in terms of Regulation 19 of the 1976 Regulations. Thus, the Respondents are now estopped from seeking to initiate unilateral disciplinary proceedings against the appellant without obtaining the CVC’s first-stage advice. Submissions on behalf of the Respondents
12. The learned counsel appearing for the Respondents submitted that as per Clause 7.9.1 of the CVC’s Manual, the Commission’s first stage advice is required to be sought ‘before the competent authority takes a final decision in the matter’. Learned counsel contends that the presentation of a charge sheet would not amount to taking the final decision in the matter, but would rather only amount to initiation of the disciplinary proceedings, and therefore, the charge sheet cannot be vitiated for not taking the CVC’s advice.
13. The learned counsel further submitted that the Respondent Bank had sought the CVC’s first-stage advice via their letter dated 17th May 2019; however, they received the CVC’s response on 21st June 2019. The advice was taken as a matter of abundant caution. The learned counsel contended that the Rules or Regulations must not be interpreted in a manner that stalls or delays the disciplinary process until receipt of the advice from the CVC. The disciplinary proceedings against the delinquents cannot be frustrated solely on account of the CVC’s inaction. Learned counsel also submitted that the pendency of vigilance proceedings does not bar the internal disciplinary proceedings by the Respondent Bank against an employee, and accordingly, the Respondent Bank could issue the charge sheet.
14. Lastly, the learned counsel submitted that it was incorrect to suggest that the Respondents have taken two contradictory and inconsistent stands in the two rounds of litigation before the Hon’ble High Court. Learned counsel denied that the charge sheet was prepared hastily and that the same was ante-dated and served only by email on account of any mala fide reasons, extraneous consideration, or personal bias. Moreover, learned counsel submitted that no prejudice was caused to the appellant on account of the serving of the charge sheet and the continuation of disciplinary proceedings against him. [2025] 7 S.C.R. A.M. Kulshrestha v. Union Bank of India and Ors. CONSIDERATION OF SUBMISSIONS
15. In the present case, factual aspects are very relevant. Material factual aspects set out in a chronology are as under:- a. The appellant was employed with the respondent Union Bank of India from the year 1984; b. In the year 2016, he was promoted to the post of Deputy General Manager; c. On 30th June 2019, the appellant was to be superannuated; d. The appellant had a blemishless record till 21st August 2018, when the Bank suspended him. The allegation against the appellant was that, as the Regional Head at Meerut, he adopted a very casual approach while sanctioning credit proposals in 16 accounts sent by the Mid-corporate Ghaziabad branch. It is alleged that the appellant sanctioned huge limits to newly incorporated firms without ensuring proper diligence by the branch/processing officers; e. On 18th January 2019 and 27th March 2019, two show cause notices were served upon the appellant, calling upon him to show cause why a disciplinary action should not be initiated against him; f. As the representations made by the appellant for revoking suspension were not considered, the appellant filed a writ petition before the Hon’ble High Court of Allahabad to challenge the order of suspension. In the said writ petition, the General Manager filed his affidavit justifying the delay in issuing the charge sheet, stating that the matter was referred to the CVC for first-stage advice, but the advice was not received. He relied upon Regulation 19 of the 1976 Regulations. In the same writ petition, another affidavit dated 13th June 2019 was filed by the Executive Director stating that on receipt of advice from the CVC, Articles of charge/charge sheet will be issued to the appellant; g. By the order dated 20th June 2019, the High Court quashed the order of suspension dated 21st August 2018 on the ground that continuing the suspension of the appellant from 21st August 2018 without even initiating or serving a charge sheet for almost a year was arbitrary and illegal. However, liberty was reserved to the Bank to initiate further proceedings; and 52 h. On 18th June 2019, without waiting for the CVC advice, a charge sheet dated 10th June 2019 was served upon the appellant. Thereafter, by a letter dated 28th June 2019, the Executive Director informed the appellant that the disciplinary proceedings against him would continue, and he would not receive any pay, allowances, or retiral benefits until the completion of the proceedings.
16. Regulation 19 of the 1976 Regulations stipulates that the Bank shall consult the CVC, wherever necessary, in respect of disciplinary cases having a vigilance angle. A reading of the regulation makes it clear that in cases where the Respondent Bank deems that the consultation is necessary due to the case having a vigilance angle, the Respondent Bank is required to seek the advice of the CVC. Therefore, while the learned counsel has argued the question of whether consultation with the CVC is mandatory or discretionary, in the facts of this case, it is not necessary for us to delve into the said question. The reason is that the Respondent Bank has itself acknowledged that the case had a vigilance angle and consultation with the CVC is necessary, and therefore, the Respondent Bank had sought the opinion of the CVC.
17. We have already quoted the relevant parts of the Circulars dated 28th September 2000, 15th April 2004 and 27th April 2015 issued by the CVC. As can be seen from the Circulars, the CVC is being consulted at two stages for its advice. The first stage advice is sought before the issuance of the charge sheet, and the second stage advice is either on receipt of the reply to the charge sheet or on receipt of the enquiry report. As can be seen from the affidavit dated 23rd May 2019, filed by the General Manager of the Bank, the first stage advice of the CVC has been sought. The affidavit dated 13th June 2019 filed by the Executive Director also clearly states that on the receipt of the advice of the CVC, the Bank shall issue a charge sheet to the appellant. As stated earlier, within five days of filing the said affidavit, the charge sheet dated 10th June 2019 was served upon the appellant. This was done without receiving the first stage advice from the CVC.
18. In its counter-affidavit, the Respondent Bank has admitted that the CVC’s first-stage advice was sought on 17th May 2019. Notably, the advice was sought from the CVC nine months after the suspension [2025] 7 S.C.R. A.M. Kulshrestha v. Union Bank of India and Ors. order. In fact, on 18th January 2019 and 27th March 2019, show-cause notices were issued to the appellant, calling upon him to show cause why disciplinary action should not be initiated against him.
19. Thus, the respondent-Bank accepted that Regulation 19 of the 1976 Regulations was applicable and therefore, first-stage advice of the CVC was sought. Even before getting the first stage advice, on 10th June 2019, the charge sheet was kept ready which was served upon the appellant on 18th June 2019. In this case, the Respondent Bank itself accepted the necessity of seeking first-stage advice from the CVC. Therefore, it was not open for the Bank to serve the charge sheet without receiving and considering the first stage advice by the CVC.
20. As stated earlier, only ten months before the date of superannuation, an order of suspension was served upon the appellant. This was done after 34 years of unblemished service. Although it was necessary to take the first stage advice of the CVC, the advice was sought only as late as on 17th May 2019. Twelve days before reaching the age of superannuation, a charge sheet was served upon the appellant, without receiving and considering the CVC’s advice. This was despite the specific statement made by the Executive Director in the earlier petition on oath, which stated that the charge sheet would only be served upon receipt of advice from the CVC.
21. Once, the first stage advice of the CVC was called, it was the duty of the respondent-Bank to consider the advice and then take a decision to serve the chargesheet. Thus, the actions of the respondent-Bank are mala fide and arbitrary. The appellant was sought to be victimised at the fag end of his unblemished career of 34 years.
22. The High Court committed a gross error by holding that Regulation 19 of the 1976 Regulations was not mandatory. This issue was irrelevant, as the Bank had itself acknowledged that in the facts of the case, it was necessary to seek first-stage advice from the CVC. It is also pertinent to note that no record was placed in the High Court to indicate that the CVC report had been received.
23. Now, at this stage, it will be unjust to allow the respondent-Bank to resume disciplinary proceedings. Almost six years have passed since the superannuation of the Appellant. 54
24. Though the appellant will be entitled to all retiral benefits, he shall not be entitled to any back wages. CONCLUSION
25. Accordingly, the disciplinary proceedings, including the charge sheet dated 10th June 2019, are hereby quashed and set aside. Although the appellant shall not be entitled to back wages and allowances, the Respondent Bank shall release all retirement benefits admissible on the basis that the appellant has superannuated as of 30th June 2019. The amount of retirement benefits due to the appellant in accordance with the law, shall be paid to the appellant within three months from today. The appeal is allowed on the above terms. Result of the case: Appeal allowed. †Headnotes prepared by: Divya Pandey