BAUL & AN01HER v. STATE OF U.P. November 24, 1967 [M. H!DAYATULLAH AND C. A. VAIDIALINGAM, JI.) Indian Penal Code ( 45 of 1860). ss. 302 and 34-AcquUtal of ont of two accused-No evidence rtgarding iniurles i:aJUed by the othu to deceasl!d-Nature of offence committed by him.
TWo accused were charged with an offence under a. 302 read with " 34 I.P.C. The victim had four /at/U infuries on his hea~o fatal and two aimple. One of the 1U:Cused .. wu acquitted. On the question whether the other could be convicted for an offence under a. 302 slmpliclttr with· out establiabi1111 that he had cauaed at least one of the major injuries, HELD : As a result of the acquittal of one of the two accused, the common intention was not proved. Jn such a c115e It could not be postu- lated that the other accused alone caused all the four injuries and t~ prosecution must establish the exact nature of the injury caused by him. Jn the absence of such e\idence, be must be Jiven the benefit of doubt with respect to the offence under s. 302, but may be convicted for the offence of causing grevious hurt under s. 325 [453 H; 454 A-B, CJ CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
47 of 1965. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated g August 31, 1964 of the Allahabad High Court in Criminal Appeal No. 397 of 1963. P. K. Chakravarti and C. P. Lal, for the appellants.
K. K. Jain and 0. P. Rana, for the respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Hidayatullah, J. The appellants are father and son. Tuey were prosecuted with one Ramdeo who bas been acquitted by the High Court.
The prosecution case against them is that on the evening of June 7. I 962, about sun-set they attacked one Ramdular causing him fatal injuries on his head with a lathi resulting in his death.
The first appellant Baul is said to have instigated the assault and the original prosecution case was that the other appel- lant Sadhai and Ramdeo (the acquitted accused) assaulted
Ramdular. Medical evidence established that the deceased died as a result of two fatal blows on the head, both of which appeared to have caused extensive fractures of the skull. There were two
other injuries on the head which were simple. The deceased never regained consciousnes.~ after he received the blows and died in the hospital about I 1 .30 the same night. The occurrence took c
BAUL v. STATE (Hidayatullah, J.) place in this way. It appears that Baul, the first appellant, and Lurkhur (P.W. I) who are brothers-in-law were at loggerheads over a right of way.
On the day in question Lurkhur was pre- paring his food near his house and the ·deceased was at a well nearby. When Baul passed that way there was an exchange of abuses and Baul raised an alarm.
Lurkhur's son, the deceased, came out of his house with his wife. On the other side came the appellant Sadhai and the acquitted accused Ramdeo. Baul insti- gated these two to beat the deceased who was probably very vociferous in his abuses in support of his old father.
When this exhortation was made the deceased took to his heels chased by Sadhai and Ramdeo. According to the prosecution evidence both of them hit the deceased on the he.ad with their /athies.
The de- ceased attempted to run back to his house but fell down near the door step. The appellants and Ramdeo thereupon retreated. The Police Station House is situated within a distance of a mile from the scene of occurrence.
Report of the incident was made between 7 and 8 p.m. but ·was actually recorded at 8 p.m. Badshahpur Hospital is situated within 2-3 furlongs of the police station house and the deceased was sent in an unconscious condi- tion to the hospital.
He never regained consciousness Gefore his death. The Sub-Inspector, after recording the first information report, went to the hospital, found the deceased unconscious and, therefore, went to the spot where he found no witness except the wife of the deceased person.
He went back to the hospital and then went in search of the appellant Sadhai and arrested him in the village after 10 p.m. The other two accused surrendered in court later on June 18, and June 20.
The deceased was examined while he was still alive by Dr. N. D. Burman (f.W. 3) and his report shows that he had " a mutilated" wound ot t"X 1/1 O"X t" on the left Side and the head 2t" above the left eye-brow with swelling 4"X 4!" in area.
The wound was then bleeding. He also had a bluish swelling 2t"X2" on the right side of the scalp 2" above the right eye-brow. Both the injuries were said to have been caused with a blunt weapon such as a lathi.
After the death of the deceased post-mortem examination was done by Dr. M. L. Gouta (P.W. 7). He had the opportunity to examine the injuries more closely. According to him there were :
I. a contusion 2t"X l" on the right side of the forehead t" above the right eye-bmw. 2. a contusion 2t"X 1" on the left side head 2" above left ear with swelling of the entire left side ·of head and
face. 3. contused wound t"X t" scalp on left side of head 2" above the left eye-brow. ·15 2 SUPRFME COURT REPORTS [ 1968] 2 S.C.R. 4. 'welling J"X2" on right side of he;id l" above the
right car. There wa' allo an abrasion on the back of right elbow joint. Internal ex;imination disclosed left and right pcrictal bones frac- tured at many places. Front perictal bone of the head was frac-
tured at i1' joint. Congested clotted blood was present all over the bones of the head. The membrane.; were hcsmeared with blood. The right and left hemisphere was entirely covered with
dotted blood. The hone on the left side of the base of the skull '"" also fract:Ired. There arc five cyc-11 itnesscs of the actual occurrence of whom only two have been believed. They are Lurkhur (P.W. I) and
Smt. Man~ani (P.W. 2 1 the wife of the deceased. Three other witnesses, ~Ram Saran <P.W. 4). Ram Dular (P.W. 5) and Ram Swaroop (P.W. 6) were abo examined.· They stated that they were passing that way and '"w the assault.
Dular and Ram- swaroop were disbelieved as to the actual aS'auh. because when they saw the deceased he had already fallen on the ground. Ram Saran was disbelieved because in the cornmillin~ court he had deposed that he had only seen Sadhai although ~in the Court of Sessions he named both the youngmen as the assailants.
Baul. of coutlic. admitted his presence. hut his son Sadhai pleaded alibi. His statement was that he had left with the corpse of the mother of one Marwari for Jhusi to attend the cremation and returned by train at 7 .30 p.m. He came from the station on the 'hearse car" and alighted at the police station house when he was arrested. He examined one witness in support of this statement.
This witness w:is his .companion on this trip. The Sessions Judge disbelieved the evidence of alibi nnd accepted the evidence of the eye-witnesses. He convicted all the accused under ss. 302 read with s. 34, Indian Penal Code and sentenced them to imprisonment for life.
On appeal. Ramdeo was acquitted and the conviction of Baul was altered to s. 32.'.i read with s. I 09 and he was sentenced to five years' ·rigorous imprisonment. The conviction and sentence of Sadhai were
maintained but the conviction was altered from s. 302/ 34 to s. 302 simpliciter. In this appeal Mr. ·P. K. Chakravarty has raised two points which arc the only points to be considered hccause chis Court, in an appeal hy special leave where the two courts below have con- curred in their conclusions. docs not ordinarily reassess the evi- c
dence. The first is that the High Court did not consider the evidence of alibi at all. The High Court mentioned the alibi but did not consider it in its judgment. . It may he that having accept- ed the evidence of the eye-witnesses the High Court did not feel c
BAUL v. STATE (Hidayatulla/1, J.) it necessary to say that the evidence of alibi ,was not accepted by it, in yi;rw of.the. fact that no reference was made to the evidence o~ alibi' we had that evidence brought to our notice and compared it with the evidenL-e af. the eye-witnesses.
We think that the evi- dence of alibi cannot be accepted. The Sub Inspector has quite clearly deposed that Sadhai was arrested at about 10 p.m. and not at 7 .30 p.m. as Sadhai alleges.
Further, if Sadhai had gone to attend a cremation ceremony, he would have numerous persons "to support his alibi and his reliance on a solitary witness whose dep~sition does not impress us goes against him.
Even this sole witness said. nothing more than this that he went to the cremation and returned with the accused on the train. In these circums- tances we agree with the Sessions Judge that the evidence of alibi was not satisfactory and did not displace the evidence of the eye- witnesses.
The next submission of Mr. Chakravarty needs some atten- tion. According to Mr. Chakravarty the offence charged against Sadhai was commission of murder in furtherance of the common intention of two persons, tliat is, himself and Ramdeo.
The Sessions Judge held that both had taken part in the assault in furtherance of a common intention and logically the Sess.ions Judge was .right in· his conclusion that if there was a common intention both Sadhai and Ramdeo were responsible for the offence of murder.
When the High Court acquitted the . other accused (Ramdeo) the High Court converted the conviction from s, 302/ 34 to s. 302 simp/iciter. ln other words, the High Court held Sadhai responsible for all the injuries which had been caused to. the deceased. · Mr. Chakravarty submits that in a case of this type where four blows were hit on the head by two persons it would be difficult to say who hit which blow and whether whose blow or blows was responsible for the fracture of the skull. He
contends that if s. 34 was available this argument would not be open. but in the absence of common intention the prosecution case cannot be held proved against Sadhai and he made responsible for all that was caused to the deceased.
He submits that there should be some evidence. to show that the injury which Sadhai caused to the deceased was at least one of the two major injuries and not one of the two minor injuries.
According to him this raises· a doubt in his case and Sadhai's offence cannot be nuder s. 302 simpliciter; No doubt. the original prosecution case showed that Sadhai and Ramdeo both hit the deceased on the head with their lathies. One is tempted to divide the two fatal injuries between the two assailants and to hold that ony each was caused by them. If there was common intention established in the case the prosecution would not,have been required to. prove which of the injuries was caused by .which assailant.
But when common intention is not proved the prosecution must establish the exact nature of the (1968] 2 S.C.R. injury caused by each accused and more so in this ca~e when one of the accused has got the benefit of the doubt and has been ac- quitted.
It cannot, therefore, be postulated that Sadhai alone caused all the injuries on the head of the deceased. Once that position arises the doubt remains as to whether the injuries caused by Sadhai were of the character which would bring his case with· in s. 302.
It may be that the effect of the first blow became more prominent because another blow landing immediately after it caused more fractures to the skull than the first blow had caused. These doubts prompt us to give the benefit of doubt to Sadhai. We think that his conviction can be safely rested under s. 325 of the Indian Penal Code, but it is difficult to hold in a case of this type that his guilt amounts to murder simpliciter because he must be held responsible for all the injuries that were caused to the deceas· ed.
We convict him instead of s. 302 for an offence under s. 325,. Indian Penal Code and set aside the sentence of imprisonment for life and instead sentence him to rigorous imprisonment for seven years.
As regards Baul his instigation was likely to result in the kind of injury which was ca.used to the deceased. The least that could have happened was a grievous injury. In these circumstances.
we do not think that there is any room for interference in his case. His appeal must therefore be dismissed. The appeal is therefore allowed in respect of Sadhai to the ex cent indicated a hove and dismissed as to Baul.
V.P.S. Appeal allowed in part. c