Paragraph numbers below are the court’s original numbering, recovered from the source text.
10. Civil Appeal No.5516 of 2019 is again preferred by the Revenue. A similar show-cause notice was issued to IOCL. The demand in the show cause notice was made absolute under Section 11A(2) of the 1944 Act, i.e., without invoking the extended period of limitation. The Tribunal interfered in an appeal preferred by IOCL again by relying upon its own decision in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd1. Therefore, the Revenue is in appeal. Civil Appeal No.10890 of 2024
11. In Civil Appeal No.10890 of 2024, IOCL is the respondent, and Revenue is the appellant. In this case, the Commissioner did not confirm the demand under the show cause notices against which the Revenue preferred an appeal before the Tribunal. While the Commissioner did not adjudicate on the question of limitation, it appears that the extended period of limitation was invoked in the show cause notices for only parts of the demand. The order of the Commissioner was confirmed by the Tribunal by relying upon the decision in Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.1 and other similar decisions. Therefore, the Revenue is in appeal.
12. We may note here that the MOU that is the subject matter of these appeals is the same. SUBMISSIONS
13. The learned senior counsel, Shri S.K. Bagaria, argued on behalf of BPCL. Shri V. Lakshmikumaran appeared for OMCs, and Shri Balbir Singh, ASG, represented the Revenue. 1994
14. In support of Civil Appeal no.5642 of 2009, learned senior counsel pointed out that this Court is concerned with Section 4 of the 1944 Act as amended with effect from 1st July 2000. He relied upon the interpretation put by this Court to Section 4 in the case of CCE v. Grasim Industries Ltd.2, CCE v. Ispat Industries Ltd.3, and CCE v. CERA Boards and Doors4. He submitted that by virtue of the substitution of Section 4 with effect from 1st July 2000, the concept of ‘normal value’ has given way to the concept of ‘transaction value’. He submitted that the actual price paid or payable on each removal of goods becomes a transaction value, as defined in sub-section 3(d) of Section 4. It means the price actually paid or payable for the goods. The submission of the learned senior counsel is that Section 4 permits the assessee to charge different prices from different buyers. He submitted that if different prices were charged for different removals, prices actually paid or payable for each removal become the value for the levy of excise duty. Further submission of the learned senior counsel is that it is lawful for BPCL to charge different prices to OMCs for sales made to them vis-à-vis their own dealers.
15. The learned senior counsel relied upon the terms of the MOU, which incorporate a price fixation formula in MOU based on IPP, which is defined to mean the landed cost of a product at a particular port, which would include all applicable elements.
16. The learned senior counsel relied upon a decision of this Court in the case of D.J. Malpani v. CCE5 in the context of putting narrow construction. The learned counsel submitted that, in addition to the price actually paid or payable for the goods, transaction value includes any additional amount the buyer is liable to pay to the assessee. He submitted that in the instant case, over and above the invoice price actually charged, no amount, either in cash or otherwise, was paid or payable by the OMCs to the appellant, and the price charged was always the sole consideration for the sale. He submitted that the sales to OMCs were made for (2018) 7 SCC 233 (2016) 1 SCC 631 (2020) 9 SCC 662 (2019) 9 SCC 120 [2025] 1 S.C.R. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise Nashik Commissionerate delivery at the time and place of removal. He submitted that the parties to the MOU were not related to each other, and therefore, Section 4(1)(a) was squarely applicable. He also relied upon a Circular dated 30th June 2000 issued by the Board. He submitted that the MOU was entered into based on a letter dated 21st August 2001 from the Additional Secretary, Government of India. He also relied upon a Circular dated 14th February 2007 issued by the Government of India, Ministry of Finance, which records that the MOU was entered into between different PSUs, i.e., OMCs herein, at the behest of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. He submitted that the decision in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd1, was affirmed by this Court by summary dismissal of appeal preferred by Revenue by a Bench of three Hon’ble Judges by order dated 3rd March 2006. He submitted that in view of the judgment of this Court in the case of V.M. Salgaocar and Bros. Pvt. Ltd. v. CIT6, the decision of the Tribunal has merged into the order of this Court. Hence, the Tribunal could not have made a departure from the view taken in the said case as the Tribunal was bound by it. He pointed out that the decision in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd1 has been followed by the Tribunal in several cases.
17. He submitted that the decision to invoke an extended period of limitation under proviso to Section 11A (1) of the 1944 Act was completely erroneous. He submitted that the instructions of the Board dated 14th February 2007 referred to the MOU, and therefore, there was no question of withholding the MOU from the Department. He submitted that this was not a case of fraud, collusion or any wilful mis-statement or suppression of facts and, therefore, the extended period of limitation could not be invoked. Hence, there was no reason to impose a penalty under Section 11 AC.
18. The learned counsel appearing for IOCL in Civil Appeal Nos. 8025-27 of 2010 has also made detailed arguments. He also argued the issue of the merger of the decision of the Tribunal in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd1 with the order of this Court summarily dismissing the appeal. In support of his contention (2000) 5 SCC 373 1996 based on the merger, he relied upon a decision of this Court in the case of Kunhayammed & Ors v. State of Kerala & Anr.7.
19. He submitted that the sale price based on IPP when the petroleum products are sold to OMC should be taken as transaction value, especially when the transaction is on a principal-to-principal basis at arm’s length. In his submission, this would show that the price is the sole consideration for the sale. He pointed out that as provided in Article 4 of the MOU, there was, in fact, a sale of petroleum products. He submitted that the IPP is not a notional price but an arm’s length price. Relying upon a decision of this Court in the case of Commissioner of Central Excise, Hyderabad v. Detergents India Ltd.8, he submitted that it is permissible to sell the same product at different prices to different parties. In such a case, the actual sale value will be taken as transaction value. He submitted that apart from the fact that no extra-commercial consideration flows from the MOU, the same has been executed as per the directions of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. He also submitted that recourse could not have been taken to the extended period of limitation as there was no suppression of material facts by IOCL.
20. Shri Balbir Singh, learned ASG appearing for the Revenue submitted that neither in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd1 nor in the case of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise, Nashik9, the interpretation of various clauses in the MOU has been made. Moreover, there is no finding recorded in both the decisions of the Tribunal on the issue of whether the price was the sole consideration for the sale. He submitted that even assuming there was a merger of the decision in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.1 with the order of the Supreme Court summarily dismissing the appeal, the Tribunal has not considered whether the price fixed under the MOU was the sole consideration for sale. He submitted that in the impugned judgment that is the subject matter of Civil Appeal no.5642 of 2009, the Tribunal had considered the various clauses of the MOU in detail and has recorded a finding of fact that the price was not the sole consideration for sale. He (2000) 6 SCC 359 (2015) 7 SCC 198 (2009) 242 ELT 358 (Mumbai) [2025] 1 S.C.R. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise Nashik Commissionerate pointed out that by the letter dated 21st August 2001, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has only directed that there has to be an MOU for product sharing arrangements between OMCs so that region-wise and company-wise supply-demand balance could be arrived at. He submitted that the question here is whether price is the sole consideration of sale, even assuming that the MOU has been drawn in terms of the directions of the Ministry. He submitted that the OMCs did not produce a copy of the MOU, and, therefore, there was justification for invoking the extended period of limitation on the ground of suppression of material facts. OUR VIEW IN CIVIL APPEAL NO.5642 OF 2009
21. The issues involved can be broadly summarised as under: (i) Whether the price was the sole consideration of sale? (ii) Whether the revenue was entitled to invoke an extended period of limitation under the proviso to Section 11A(1) of the 1944 Act? (iii) Whether the revenue was entitled to levy a penalty under Section 11AC of the 1944 Act? WHETHER PRICE WAS THE SOLE CONSIDERATION FOR SALE
22. Section 4(1) of the 1944 Act reads thus: “4. Valuation of excisable goods for purposes of charging of duty of excise.— (1) Where under this Act, the duty of excise is chargeable on any excisable goods with reference to their value, then, on each removal of the goods, such value shall— (a) in a case where the goods are sold by the assessee, for delivery at the time and place of the removal, the assessee and the buyer of the goods are not related and the price is the sole consideration for the sale, be the transaction value; (b) in any other case, including the case where the goods are not sold, be the value determined in such manner as may be prescribed.” (emphasis added) 1998
23. Therefore, for applicability of clause (a) of Section 4(1), the following conditions must be fulfilled: a. The assessee sells the goods for delivery at time and place of the removal; b. The assessee and the buyer are not related; and c. The price is the sole consideration for the sale. Only if all three conditions are fulfilled, the value of the goods for the purpose of computation of excise duty will be the transaction value. In a given case, if it is not proved that the price was the sole consideration for sale, clause (a) of Section 4(1) would not apply. In that case, clause (b) of Section 4(1) would apply.
24. We have perused the MOU dated 31st March 2001. IOCL, HPCL, BPCL and IBP are the parties to the MOU. As stated earlier, IBP later merged with IOCL. Recital nos. (i), (ii) and (iii) are very relevant, which read thus: “(i) All the above Oil Marketing Companies except IBP are engaged in the business of refining crude .. and for this purpose have established …./associate refineries and all the above Oil Marketing Companies are engaged in the business of marketing or petroleum products and for this purpose have established large product handling & marketing infrastructure. (ii) All the above Oil Marketing Companies are desirous to avail of product sharing/assistance from each other in order to ensure smooth supply and distribution of POL products and to avoid any kind of disruption of supply all over India. (iii) At present, the parties to this Agreement are Government of India Undertakings and for their mutual benefit, the parties had various discussions among themselves and reached agreement of using the available product of each other on the terms and conditions contained hereinafter. Further, if during the agreement period, any of the parties undergoes disinvestment of their Government equity holding, [2025] 1 S.C.R. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise Nashik Commissionerate then subject to Government of India’s residual equity holding continuing in the party/parties, this Agreement shall hold good.” (emphasis added) As seen from clause (ii), the MOU has been executed so that the OMCs can avail of product sharing/assistance from each other. Product sharing/assistance was required to ensure the smooth supply and distribution of petroleum products and to ensure that there is no disruption in the supply of petroleum products to OMCs all over India. Recital no. (iii) sheds light on the real nature of the transaction reflected in the MOU. The object is to use the available products of each OMC on the terms and conditions set forth in the MOU. Thus, the object of the MOU is not to sell petroleum products on a commercial basis to other OMCs. The real object is to ensure that each OMC gets a smooth supply of petroleum products and any disruption of supply is avoided. Therefore, the emphasis is on allowing individual OMCs access to each other’s products and facilitating the sale of petroleum products to their respective dealers/ customers. The sale of products under the MOU is for the benefit of the respective business activities of the OMCs.
25. Clause 2.10 defines “Group of Refineries” as IOCL and its associates, including different companies/ refineries, as stated therein. The group of refineries also include Reliance Petroleum Limited (for short, ‘RPL’). Clause 2.14 defines an “Industry Logistics Plan (ILP)” as an All India Supply and Distribution Plan jointly drawn by the OMCs based on the industry’s product availability and market demands for particular months. Thus, the All India Supply and Distribution Plan, known as ILP, was jointly drawn by the OMCs, considering the market demand and availability.
26. Clause 4.1 of the MOU provides that OMCs agree to sell and purchase the products to each other in such quantities as determined based on the principles laid down in the ILP procedure. The ILP procedure is drawn jointly by the OMCs to ensure that adequate supply for each one of them is available.
27. Clause 4.3 of the MOU reads thus: 2000 “4.3 It is agreed that any shortfall in actual upliftment quantity ex RPL versus Monthly reassessed Quantity of Oil Marketing Companies, shall be reduced by the excess quantity of the Product that RPL has delivered in the month to any other Oil Marketing Company against its respective Monthly Quantity.” 27.1 Clause 4.6 of the MOU reads thus: “4.6 Coastal movement shall be as per the detailed procedure, as mutually agreed, as placed at Annexure B.” Clause 4.6 refers to coastal movement. Clause 2.4 defines “Coastal Plan” which implies that a plan for tanker loading, movement and discharge was prepared jointly by OMCs.
28. Therefore, after taking into consideration the aforementioned parts of the MOU, it is crystal clear that the arrangement reflected from the MOU is essentially for ensuring that every OMC gets smooth and uninterrupted supply all over India, irrespective of whether an OMC has a refinery or otherwise in a particular part of India. Thus, from a plain reading of the MOU, we find that the real consideration for the MOU was to ensure an uninterrupted supply to all the OMCs at various places in India. The MOU incorporates mutual arrangements made by MNCs for an uninterrupted supply of petroleum products so that MNCs can further sell the products to their dealers. By no stretch of the imagination, it can be said that the price fixed under the MOU was the sole consideration for the sale by one OMC to the other. Hence, we concur with the conclusion in the impugned judgment that the price was not the sole consideration for sale. THE DECISION OF THE TRIBUNAL IN HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD1.
29. Now, we turn to the decision of the Tribunal in Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.1, an appeal against which has been summarily dismissed by this Court. We have carefully perused the said decision. Apart from mentioning that the MOU was executed according to [2025] 1 S.C.R. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise Nashik Commissionerate the direction of the Government of India, the Tribunal has not looked into the contents of the MOU. There is a vague reference to HPCL’s agreement with other oil companies. There is no specific finding recorded therein, after considering the terms and conditions of the MOU, that the price was the sole consideration for the sale. Therefore, the decision of the Tribunal ignores a crucial ingredient of Section 4(1)(a) of whether the price was the sole consideration for the sale. The Tribunal has not adverted to the question of whether the third condition in Section 4(1)(a) was complied with. Even assuming that there is a merger of the decision in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd1 with the order of this Court, the order of this Court does not constitute a binding decision on the issue of compliance with the third condition in Section 4(1)(a) as the Tribunal had not decided the said issue. THE CIRCULAR DATED 14TH FEBRUARY 2007
30. Now, we come to the Circular issued by the Board on 14th February 2007. The circular refers to the decision in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.1 Though the circular mentions that pending cases and future assessments of the product should be decided based on the said decision, it was observed that the facts of the case decided by the Tribunal may be gone through properly in order to apply to the pending cases as well as future assessments. Therefore, even the Circular noted the requirement of applying the ratio to the facts of each case. Thus, the finding of the fact recorded by the Tribunal in Civil Appeal No.5642 of 2009 that price was not the sole consideration cannot be faulted with. Was the extended period of limitation under the proviso to Section 11-A(1) of the 1944 Act applicable?
31. Section 11A reads thus: “Section 11A – Recovery of duties not levied or not paid or short-levied or short-paid or erroneously refunded- (1) When any duty of excise has not been levied or paid or has been short-levied or short-paid or erroneously refunded, whether or not such non-levy or non-payment, short-levy or short payment or erroneous refund, as 2002 the case may be, was on the basis of any approval, acceptance or assessment relating to the rate of duty on or valuation of excisable goods under any other provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder a Central Excise Officer may, within one year from the relevant date, serve notice on the person chargeable with the duty which has not been levied or paid or which has been short-levied or short-paid or to whom the refund has erroneously been made, requiring him to show cause why he should not pay the amount specified in the notice : Provided that where any duty of excise has not been levied or paid or has been short-levied or short-paid or erroneously refunded by reason of fraud, collusion or any willful mis-statement or suppression of facts, or contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or of the rules made thereunder with an intent to evade payment of duty, by such person or his agent, the provisions of this sub-section shall have effect as if, for the words “one year”, the words “five years” were substituted : Explanation : Where the service of the notice is stayed by an order of a Court, the period of such stay shall be excluded in computing the aforesaid period of one year or five years, as the case may be.” (emphasis added) Show cause notice dated 12th March, 2007 was issued to BPCL. The demand in the show cause notice was for the period from 1st April, 2002 to 5th September, 2004. As per sub-section (1) of Section 11-A, a notice of demand could have been issued within one year from the relevant date. The demand could be for a short levy, short payment, non-levy, non-payment, or erroneous refund. The period of one year is to be calculated from the relevant date as defined in sub-section 3(ii) of Section 11-A. There is no dispute that the demand notice was not issued within the stipulated period provided under sub-section (1) of Section 11-A, and therefore, an extended period of limitation was invoked by the revenue. [2025] 1 S.C.R. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise Nashik Commissionerate
32. Under the proviso to sub-section (1) of Section 11-A, an extended period of limitation can be invoked when there is a non-levy or non-payment or short levy or short payment of the excise duty by a reason of fraud or collusion or any wilful mis-statement or suppression of facts or contravention of any of the provisions of 1944 Act or the rules made thereunder with the intent to evade payment of duty. The show cause notice referred to the statements recorded of BPCL officers and other OMCs. No detailed reasons have been recorded in support of invoking the extended period of limitation by the Commissioner in his order. The High Court, in the impugned order, has confirmed the extended period of limitation by recording the following findings in paragraph 44: “44. On the question of time bar, we find that the show cause notice has alleged that the contents of the MOU were not brought to the notice of the Commissionerate and that M/s. BPCL has misled the Department into believing that the dual pricing adopted by them has been done on the directive of the Govt. of India. This has not been contested by the appellants. Their only defence is that mere non-submission of the MOU cannot be a ground for invoking the extended time limit and there should be some positive act of omission / commission for the same. Withholding the MOU from the Department, and making the Department believe that the dual pricing was adopted as per the directive of the Government cannot be considered to be innocent acts. This is definitely a positive act, for which the extended time limit has been rightly invoked.” (emphasis added)
33. Thus, the first ground is withholding or suppressing the MOU. We are dealing with a public sector undertaking. It is pertinent to note that the impugned judgment incorporates the letter dated 14th February, 2007 issued by the Board. The letter itself records that to ensure a regular supply of petroleum products, the Oil PSUs (OMCs) entered into an MOU at the behest of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Ministry. It also refers to the decision of the Tribunal in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.1 by stating 2004 that the said decision records that the sale price, as per the MOU, correctly represents the transaction value. Therefore, the department was aware of the MOU even before the date on which the show cause notice was issued. As noted earlier, the date of the MOU is 31st March, 2002. Moreover, as indicated in the said letter, MOU was referred to in the decision of the Tribunal in the case of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.1. It is pertinent to note that the date of the said decision is 28th February, 2005. In fact, in the said decision, a submission of the revenue has been recorded that the agreement between the oil companies indicates that the price of petroleum products agreed thereunder is not a normal price and, therefore, is not a transaction value. Hence, the first ground taken to support the invocation of the extended period of limitation cannot be sustained.
34. The second ground is that BPCL made the department believe that dual pricing was adopted as per the directions of the Government. A careful perusal of the show cause notice shows that it is not alleged that any such misrepresentation was made by BPCL that the pricing as provided in the MOU was adopted by the BPCL as per the directions of the Central Government. The reply to the show cause notice submitted by the BPCL contains no such representation. In the show cause notice, statements recorded of officers of BPCL and other OMCs have been referred to and relied upon. However, it is not alleged that any of the officers stated that the price of the goods sold under the MOU was fixed as per the directives of the Central Government. We have also carefully perused the order passed by the Commissioner on the show cause notice. Even in the order, no specific reference has been made to any such contention raised by BPCL or other OMCs. Even the order also refers to statements of the officers of BPCL and other OMCs. Hence, both the grounds in support of invoking an extended period of limitation cannot be sustained, and only on that ground, the demand cannot be sustained. WHETHER SECTION 11AC WAS APPLICABLE?
35. Then, we come to the penalty imposed under Section 11AC of the 1944 Act. Section 11AC reads thus: “11AC. Penalty for short-levy or non-levy of duty in certain cases [2025] 1 S.C.R. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise Nashik Commissionerate Where any duty of excise has not been levied or paid or has been short-levied or short-paid or erroneously refunded by reasons of fraud, collusion or any wilful mis- statement or suppression of facts, or contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or of the rules made there under with intent to evade payment of duty, the person who is liable to pay duty as determined under sub-section (2) of section 11A, shall also be liable to pay a penalty equal to the duty so determined: Provided that where such duty as determined under sub- section (2) of section 11A, and the interest payable thereon under section 11AB, is paid within thirty days from the date of communication of the order of the Central Excise Officer determining such duty, the amount of penalty liable to be paid by such person under this section shall be twenty-five per cent. of the duty so determined: Provided further that the benefit of reduced penalty under the first proviso shall be available if the amount of penalty so determined has also been paid within the period of thirty days referred to in that proviso: Provided also that where the duty determined to be payable is reduced or increased by the Commissioner (Appeals), the Appellate Tribunal or, as the case may be, the court, then, for the purposes of this section, the duty as reduced or increased, as the case may be, shall be taken into account: Provided also that in case where the duty determined to be payable is increased by the Commissioner (Appeals), the Appellate Tribunal or, as the case may be, the court, then, the benefit of reduced penalty under the first proviso shall be available, if the amount of duty so increased, the interest payable thereon and twenty-five per cent. of the consequential increase of penalty have also been paid within thirty days of the communication of the order by which such increase in the duty takes effect. Explanation.–For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that– 2006 (1) the provisions of this section shall also apply to cases in which the order determining the duty under sub-section (2) of section 11A relates to notices issued prior to the date on which the Finance Act, 2000 receives the assent of the President; (2) any amount paid to the credit of the Central Government prior to the date of communication of the order referred to in the first proviso or the fourth proviso shall be adjusted against the total amount due from such person.” (emphasis added)
36. In this case, there is no allegation made by the Revenue of fraud, collusion or any wilful mis-statement on the part of the appellant. The stand taken is that the MOU was suppressed, and therefore, Section 11AC will apply. In view of the findings recorded above on the issue of the invocation of the extended period of limitation, the penalty could not have been imposed.
37. In paragraph 40 of the impugned judgment, it is mentioned that BPCL did not submit any argument on the valuation method adopted by the Commissioner, who has adopted Rule 11 read with Rule 7. However, the Tribunal found that Rule 4 of the Central Excise Valuation Rules, 2000, is the correct provision to be applied for valuation.
38. Therefore, the said appeal preferred by the BPCL deserves to be allowed by setting aside the entire demand on the ground that the extended period of limitation could not be invoked. OTHER APPEALS
39. As far as the other appeals are concerned, the OMCs have succeeded before the Tribunal. Therefore, in the light of the findings recorded by us in Civil Appeal No.5642 of 2009, these appeals will have to be remanded to the Tribunal for fresh adjudication.
40. Hence, we pass the following order: i) Civil Appeal No.5642 of 2009 is hereby allowed. The impugned orders, including the order dated 8th December 2007 passed by the Commissioner of Central Excise, Nashik are hereby set aside; [2025] 1 S.C.R. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central Excise Nashik Commissionerate ii) In the remaining appeals, the impugned judgments are hereby quashed and set aside, and the appeals are remanded to the concerned Tribunals to decide the same in accordance with the law laid down in this judgment and accordingly, the appeals are partly allowed; iii) We make it clear that after remand, the Tribunal will decide the cases in the light of the findings recorded in this judgment; and iv) There will be no orders as to costs. Result of the case: Civil Appeal No.5642 of 2009 is allowed. Other appeals remanded to the Tribunal. †Headnotes prepared by: Adeeba Mujahid, Hony. Associate Editor (Verified by: Ankit Gyan, Editor)