c BHUPESH DEB GUPTA (DEAD) BY L.RS. v. STATE OF TRIPURA September 22, 1978 [JASWANT SINGH, P. s. KAILASAM AND A. D. KosHAL, JJ.] Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (Act II of 1974), Sections 211, 212, 213, 214 and 215-Charge should not be vague and c•very particular required to be stated must be furnished so that the accused may not be misled and prciudiced. Penal Code, 1812-Section 161, ingredients of-Presuniptions under Section 4(1) of the Prevention of Corruption Act-Scope of Section 4(1) of POCA. Bhupesh Deb Gupta, the original appellant \Vas tried, found guilty of the charge of receivmg Rs. 75/- from one Nikhil Chakraborty on or about 2-12-1961, convicted of an offence und!;':r Section 161 I.P .C. and sentenced to suffer rigorous. imprisonment for two months. The High Court in appeal, while confirming the conviction under section 161 I.P.C., reduced the sentence to a fine of Rs. 200/· only, taking into account the age and the long lapse of time between the date of offence and the date of conviction. During the pendency of the appeal by special leave the orii;inal appeUant died and therefore, his legal representative was grant- ed leave to continue the appeal under Section 494(2) of the Crl.P.C. Allowing the appeal the Court,
HELD : ( 1) Before the accused can be held guilty of an offence under Section 161 of the India'!l Penal Code, the following ingredients will have to be proved: 1. The accused at the time of the offence was a public servant. 2. That he accepted from some person a gratification.
3. That such gratification was not a legal remuneration due to him. 4. That the accused accepted the gratification as a motive or reward for -0ne of the following purposes : (a) doing or forbearing to do an official act;
(b) showing or forbearing to show favour or disfavour to someone in the exercise of his official functions; (c) rendering or attempting to render, any service or disservice: to someone, with the Central or any State
Government or Parliament or the Legislature of any State, or with any public servant. In the instant case, the fourth ingredient has not been fulfilled due to the defect in the charge framed as to the motive and also the non-examination of Nikhil Chakraborty as a witness on the ground "his whereabouts are not known". [909D-E]
(2) A reading of Section 4(1) of the Prevention of Corruption Act and Explanation to Section 161 of the Indian Penal Code would show that when it is proved that the accused has accept..i a gratification it shall be presumod =– –
B. D. GUPTA v. TRIPURA (Kailasam, J.) unless the contrary is proved that he accepted it as a rnotive or reward such &s is mentioned in Section 161. Section 161, therefore, provides presumption in favour of the prosecution. When once it is proved that the accused bad accepted an illegal gratification it shall be presumed that it is for one of the purposes in Section 161. The &planation to Section 161 makes it clear that a person who receives a gratification as a motive for doing what he does not intend to do, or a~ a reward for doing what has not done conies within the words, "a motive or reward for doing".
[911D·F] (3) The prosecution would be entitled to rely on the presumption under Section 4( 1) of the Prevention of Corruption Act and Explanat:on to Section 161 I.P.C. if the necessary averments were made in the charge and the accused was given an opportunity to explain the circumstances against him and to meet che charge which the prosecution was trying to make out against the accused. [912A-B]
In the instant case; it cannot be said that the accused was not prejudiced by the frame of the charge, because (a) It is admitted that though the accused was a public servant in exercise of his official position, be could not secure· a job which he promised. [911H and 912H]
(b) It is not the case of the pra.ecution that the accused received a grati- fication but he had no intention to do what he promised. [912A] (c) Nor was it alleged in the charge that the gratification was intended for being paid to a public servant. The prosecution CMC is that the gratification was for inducinl a public servant to show favour in this respect. [912A, C] ( d) It is, no doubt, true that tho accused cannot complain of any defect in the charge if he is not prejudiced. Even in Section 313
(old section 342) examination of the accused, the purpose for receipt of the gratification was not put to him an<l explanation asked for. [912A-D] ( e) The High Court understood the charge as meaning that the money was sent by Nikh·I Chakraborty on behalf of Sachindra Deb. [9121'] and (f) The charge and the judgment of the Courts below indicate that the Courts proceeded on the basis that the gratification was received by the accused for showing favour as a 'public servant', while the basis of the charge sought to be made out in the present appeal is that "the gratification was paid to the accused for influencing a public servant." [9120]
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 74 of J972. Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgement and Order dated 30-7-71 of the Judicial Commissioner Court, Tripur in Crl.A.21167. M. K. flamamurthi, J. Ramarurthi and Miss R. Vaigai for the Appellant.
E. C. Agarwala and R. N. Sachthey for the Respondent. The Judgment 0£ the Court was delivered by KAILASAM, J.-This appeal is by special leave against the judgment of the Judicial Commissioner at Agartala convicting the appellant, -""I'
c [1979] I s.c.R. Bhupesh Deb Gupta of an offence. under Section 161 India.n Penal Code and sentencing him to a fine of Rs. 200/-. Pending appeal in this Court, the appellant died and his widow brought on record as the legal representative of Bhupesh Deb Gupta, as she was adversely affected by the sentence of fine and convictio!l under Section 161, as it deprived her of receiving the pay and C'ther allowances which the accused would have been entitled to but for his c9nviction.
The accused Bhupesh Deb Gupta alias Erick was working as an Upper Division Clerk in the Tripura Territorial Council in lhe year 1959. While investigating some other offence, P.W. 1 Shri T. Ganguly who was the Deputy Superintendent of Police in Tripura in 1963 came across certain postal envelopes in the Office of the Chief Executive Engineer which disclosed that the accused was receiving bribes. After
investigation, the accused was charged with various offences. Jn this appeal we are only concerned with the charge that the accused received a sum of Rs. 75/- from Nlkhil Chakraborty as gratification as a motive or reward for showing favour to him and that on or about 2nd December, 1961 he recevied Rs.751- sent by Money Order by Nikhil Chakraborty on behalf of one Sachindra Dey as gratification for securing service for the said Sachindra Dey.
The trail Court found the accused guilty of the charge of receiving Rs. 75/- from Nikhil Chakraborty on or about 2nd December, 1961 and convicted him of an offence under Section 161 Indbn Penal Code and sentenced him to suffer rigorous imprisonment for two months. The Trial Court framed other charges but found him guilty of
another charge which need not be referred to as finally he was acquitted by the High Court of all charges except the one referred to above. The High Court while confirming the conviction under Section 161 Indian Penal Code regarding the receipt of Rs. 75/- from Nikhil Chakraborty reduced the sentence to a fine of Rs. 200/- only, taking into account the age and the long lapse of time between the date of offence and the date of conviction.
The charge with which we are concerned as framed by the Sub– Judge, Agartala reads as follows : "That you Shri Bhupesh Deb Gupta, alias Erick Deb Gupta, Assistant, Civil Secretariat, Tripura, while working as Upper Division Clerk in the Office of the Chief Executive Officer
0f the Tripura Territorial Council (now defunct) accepted on or before 2nd day of Decembec, 1961 a grati- fication other than legal remuneration of an amount of i B. D. GUPTA v. TRIPURA (Kailasam, J.)
Rs. 75/- through money order from Shri Sachindra Deb, remitted by Shri Nikhil Chakraborty for showing in exercise of your official function, favour to the said Sachindra Deb, oo the plea of securing service for the said Sachindra Deb and thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 161 of the Indian Penal Code and within the cognizance of this
Court". The charge states that accused was a public servant and that he accepted a gratification other than le_gal remuneration of an amount of Rs.751- from Nikhil Chakraborty for showing, in exercise of his official function, favour to Sachindra Deb by securing service for Sachin- dra ·Deb. Before the accused can be held guilty of an offence urider Section 161 of the Indian Penal Code, the following ingredients will have to be proved.
1. The the accused at the time of the offence was a public servant. 2. That he accepted from some person a gratification . 3. That such gratification was not a legal remuneration due to him.
4. That the accused accepted the gratification as a motive o.r reward for one of the following purposes : (a) doing or forbearing to do an official act; (b) showing or forbearing to show fovour or disfavour to
some one in the exercise of his official functions· (c) rendering or attempting to render, any service or disser- vice to someone, with the Central or any State Govern- ment or Parliament or the Legislature of any State, or
with any public servant. It is not in dispute that the first three requirements are satisfied, namely, that the accused was a public servant, that he accepted a gratification and that the gratification was not a legal remuneration due to him.
The contention that was raised by Mr. Ramamurthy, the learned counsel appearing for the accused, is that the fourth require- ment has not been fulfilled. He submitted that the prosecution case is
not clear as to whether the gratification was accepted as a motive or reward for showing a favour in exercise of his official function or whether the gratification was accepted for payment to another public servant. In order to appreciate the contentions of the learned counsel it is necessary to state what has been found by the High Court against the appellant.
c (1979] 1 S.C.R. Nikhil Chakraborty was not examined as the summons sent to him were returned unserved on the ground that his whereabouts are not known. The only w:tness that was examined was the
person on whose behalf the money was sent, namely, Sachindra Deb. Sachindra Deb turned hostile leaving the prosecution with only a few documents to rely on to prove their case. The documents relied
on are Exhibits P-5, P-6, P-7 and P-3b. P-6 is tho earliest in point of time. It is a Jetter written by the' accused to Nikhil Chakraborty on 23-11-61. The letter acknowledges an earlier letter from Nikhil
Chakraborty. It refers to the matter about the gentleman of Kamal- pur presumably Sachindra Deb and states that he was given word that a job of social worker would be given. It further states that the recruitment will be done in the last week of December. By that letter the accused asked Nikhil Chakraborty to remit a sum of Rs. 80/- or Rs. 90/- by T.M.O. which was to be given to the gentleman "who is Office Head Clerk".
On receipt of this Jetter, a money ord•er (Exhibit P-5) for Rs. 75/- was sent by Nikhil Chakraborty on 31-11-1961 at Agartala Post Office. The accused signed the money order form and rec~ived the money.
The receipt was received back at Kamal- pur post office on 2-12-1961. After the receipt of Rs. 75/- the accused again wrote on 3-12-1961 (Exhibit P-7) asking for the balance of Rs. 15 /- to be remitted. · It is also indicated that in all a sum of Rs. 150/- will have to be given. The Courts below accepted the prosecution case that Exhibits P-6, P-7 were
written by the accused, and that the money order receipt (Exh. P-5) was signed by him. The trial Judge also compared the signature of the accused in Exh. P-5 and the writing in P-6 and P-7 with his admitted signa- tures and found that exhibits P-6 and P-7 and the signature in Exh. P-5 were of the accused.
The learned counsel for the appellant does not question the correctness of these findings. It is, therefore, clear that the accused under Exhibit P-6 demanded a sum of Rs. 90 /- for securing a job for Sachindra Deb and in response to that letter money order for Rs. 75/- was sent by Nikhil Chakraborty and received by the accused.
Again under Exhibit P-7 on 3-12-1961 the accused had asked for the balance of Rs. 15/-. There can be no doubt that these documents prove that the accused was a public servant at the relevant time and
received an illegal gratification which was 'not due to him as legal remuneration. It is not clear from the correspondence whether the person "Office Head Clerk" is a public servant.
But the learned counsel appearing for the State referred us to Exhibit P-3b another letter by the accused to Nikhil Chakraborty dated 21-2-1962 wherein the accused stated that the recruitment to the job of the candidate had been postponed i
B. D. GUPTA v. TRIPURA (Kai/asam, J.) due to elections and all appointments were stopped for the time being. This letter also refers to an order of the Chief Commis- sioner. It is submitted that the internal evidence furnished by the appellant and a reading of these letters would show that the person to whom the money was intended was a public servant.
O"n behalf of the State Govermnent our attention was drawn to the presumption that is available to the prosecution under Section 4( 1) of the Pre- vention of Corruption Act which provides that when it is proved in any trial of an offence punishable under Section 161 of the Indian Penal Code, that an accused person had accepted for himself or for any other person, any gratification it shall be presumed unless the contrary is proved that he accepted that gratification as a motive or reward such as is mentioned in Section 161 or, as the case may be, without consideration or for a consideration which he k'.nows to be inadequate.
The explanation to Section 161 states that a person who receives '.l gratification .as a motive for doing what he does not intend to do, or as a reward for doing what he has not done, comes within the words "A motive or reward for doihg".
A reading of Section 4 ( 1) of the Prevention of Corruption c Act and Explanation to Section 161 of the Indian Penal Code would show that when it is proved that the accused has accepted a gratifi- cation it shall be presumed unless the contrary is proved
that he accepted it as a motive or reward such as is mentio"ned in Section 161. This Section, therefore, provides a presumption in favour of the prosecution. When once it is proved that the accused had ac-
o;,pted an illegal gratification, it shall be presumed that it is for one of the purposes mentioned in Section 161. The Explanation to Section 161 makes it clear that a person who receives a gratification as a motive for doing what he does not intend to do, or as a reward for doing what he has not done comes within the words "A Motive or reward for doing".
Relying on the two provisions referred to above, it was submitted by the learned counsel for the State that the prosecution having proved that the accused have received a sum of Rs. 7 5 /- as a·n illegal gratification, the Court should presume
the necessary motive or reward as is mentioned in Section 161. While there can be no doubt that the submission of the learned counsel for the State is sound, we find that there is one obstacle in the way of the prosecution succeeding on the facts of this case. The charg~ states that the amount of Rs. 75/- was remitted for showing favour in exercise of his official function.
It is admitted that though the accused was a public servant, in exercise of his official position he could not secure a job which he promised. It c .. ;11 SUPREME COUllT REPORTS is not the case of the pmsecution that he received a gratification but he had no intention to do what he promised.
Equally, it is not alleged in the charge that the gratification was intended for being paid to a public servant. The prosecutio'n would be entitled to rely on the presumption under Section 4 (1) of the Prevention of Corrup- tion Act and Explanation to Section 161, IPC if the necessary aver- ments were made in the charge and the accused was given an oppor- tunity to expiain the circumstances appearing against him. While
the charge mentions the gratification being paid for showing ·favour in exercise of his official function, the prosecution case is that the gratification was for inducing a public servant to show
favour in this respect. It is, no doubt, true that the accused cannot complain of a·ny defect in the charge, if he is not prejudiced. The accused when questioned under Scctio'n 342 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the purpose of recdpt of the gratification was not put to him and explanation asked for.
The second question which relates to the charge is in the following terms : "What have you got to say regarding the char190 brought by the complainant's party that on 2'nd December,
A.D. or any time near about that, you received a gratifica- tion other than legal remuneration of an amount of Rs. 75/ by post through Shci Nikhil Chakraborty, from one Shri Sachin Deb, giving him assurance of securing a
service for him. The accused answered that it was false." It was not suggested that the mo'ney was intended to be paid to another public servant or that b.~ retained the money without intend- ing to do what he promised.
The wording of the charge framed by the Special Judge is that the money was remitted by Nikhil Chakraborty for showing, in exercise of official function, a favour to the said Sachindra Del:Y •Jn the plea of securing service for the said Sachindra Deb.
The High Court u'nderutood the charge as meaning that the money was sent by Nikhil Chakraborty on behalf of Sachindra Deb as a gratiti- cation for securing service for the said Sachindra Deb.
It appears from the charge and from the judgment of the courts be:ow that the courts proo~eded on the basis that the gratification was received by the accused for showing favour as a public servant.
As the basis of the charge is entirely different from what is sought to be made out now i.e. the gratification was paid to the accused for influe'ncing a public servant, it cannot be said that the accused was not prejudiced by the frame of the charge. It would
have been open to the prosecution to rely on the presumption if the charge was properly B. D. GUPTA v. TRIPURA (Kailasam, J.) framed and the accused was given an opportunity to meet the charge which the prosecution was trying to make ont agalnst the accused. On a carefnl scrutiny of the facts of the case, we are unable to
reject the contentions of the lea!'n"..d counsel for the accused that he was prejudiced by the defect in the charge and that he had no opportunity to meet the case that is put forward against him. In tb~ result, we accept the contentio'n of the learned counsel for the appellant and allow the appeal and set aside the conviction and sentence imposed on him.
S.R. Appeal allowed. -.··