DAMODAR ROPEWAYS & CONSTRUCTION CO. (P) LTD. v. CHRISTOPHER MARTIN DASGRANGES MARTIN & ORS. OCTOBER 6, 1989 [RANGANATH MISRA AND M.N. VENKATACHALIAH, J.T.] Code of Civil Procedure 1908: Order XXIII-Rule 3 Compro-
mise-Acceptance of by Court-Question for consideration. Delay in filing compromise-Effect of. The Board of Governors of the respondent school en.,red into a contract for the grant of permanent lease of immovable property of the school to the petitioner-builder. An association of the old students of the school resisted the agreement before the High Court but a learned Single Judge accorded sanction which was later stayed. The petitioner preferred an appeal before the Division Bench of the High Court which made certain interim directions while disposing the appeal. Hence this appeal by the petitioner.
During the pendency of the appeal, the parties entered into a compromise which was signed on behalf of all the parties, but the com- promise deed was filed in this Court after a lapse of three years. The Association of the old students resisted the compromise on the ground: (i) that there was a lapse Of three years between the date of signing the compromise and its filing in the court; (ii) the President of the Old Association of students had no authority to enter the compromise. Disposing the appeal, this Court;
HELD: (1) If the compromise is genuine and lawful, the delay' in presentation in court could at the most be in the realm of equity and would not be otherwise material.In the instant case the resolution of the Board of the Association clarities the position that all parties had agreed to the compromise and it was intended to be presented before this Court for permission to enter into compromise. The President of the Old Association of Students had been authhorised to associate himself for the purpose. The agreement has been signed by the parties and is not unlawful. The compromise is, therefore, in accordance with the provi- sions of Order XXIII, rule 3 of thti Code of Civil Procedure and can be acted upon. [448F-H]
c [ 1989] Supp. 1 S.C.R. 2. Before the compromise is accepted it is for the court to tie A satisfied that the terms are in the interests of the Trust. [449A] 2.1 In the instant case, under the agreement forming the subject matter of compromise the school would have space available for expan· sion in the near future. It is not in the interest of the school to reject the B agreement on the ground that there was scope of receiving better offers if advertisement was made. [449E-C]
2.2 It is appropriate that the compromise should be·accepted with certain variations viz. availability of extra area to the school, escalation of the ground rent and provision for automatic escalation of ground C rent of 10% once in every IO years. The permission is accordingly accorded to the Board of Governors to enter into compromise on behalf of the school. [449E & 4498; 450A-B]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: I.A. No. 1of1989. IN Civil Appeal No. 3334 of 1982. From the Judgment and Order dated 16. 9 .1982 of the Calcutta E High Court in Appeal No. nil. Kapil Sibal, R.F. Nariman and Vineet Kumar for the Petitioner. Dr. Shankar Ghose, H.N. Salve, G. Joshi, A.K. Sil, Ms. Urmil Narang (N.P.), C.S. Vaidyanathan, Vivek Gambhir (N.P.) and F Praveen Kumar for the Respondents.
The following Order of the Court was delivered by MISRA, J. This civil appeal by special leave is at the instance of a builder who had entered into a contract with the Board of G Governors of the La Martiniere School at Calcutta in respect of certain immovable property of the School to be taken by the builder on permanent lease.
Christopher Martin Desgranges Martin left behind a will which · stipulated the setting up of a school for the benefit of the city of H Calcutta and upon his death the will was probated and the executors DAMODAR ROPEWAYS v. C.M.D. MARTIN !MISRA, J.]
set up the school. The Board of Governors of the School (hereinafter 'Board') among others has the reverend Bishop of the city of Calcutta as its Chairman and a retired Major-General of the Indian Army as a member. The Old Martinians Association (herinafter 'Association') being a body of the old students of the School resisted the request cif the School before the High Court when it applied for acceptance of the agreement of lease of 1981. A learned Single Judge while agreeing on principle to accord sanction asked for further details. The Division Bench made certain directions in an appeal taken to it by the builder and the interim directions form the basis of subject-matter of this appeal.
· During the pendency of the appeal in this Court the builder and the School entered into a fresh agreement on 12.9.1986 to which the Association is also a party. Under the agreement more favourable terms for the School were stipulated, such as-(l)annual payment of ground rent of Rs.22,000 ·during the period of lease; (2) as against a one-time payment of Rs.31 lakhs in the 1981 agreement, a recurring annual payment of about Rs.50 lakhs; and (3) built-in area of 60,000 · square feet to enable extansion of the School and earning of rental income. Apart from these, it is stated that under the 1981 agreement the .School had entered into arrangements with prospective lessees and had received a substantial sum of money by way of advance from them in respect of approximately 53,000 square feet to be. constructed. The builder under the 1986 agreement took the responsibility ·of dealing with the prospective le.ssees-either by refunding the money or provid- ing leasehold area from out of its share.
· It is not disputed that a total area of about 1,80,000 square feet would be available as a result of the construction agreed to be raised c by the builder under the 1986 agreement. Parties decided to file an F application for compromise before this Court in the pending appeal and .the petition was duly drawn up on 12.9.1986. It was signed on behalf of the Board by the Chairman and Major General B.M. Bhat- tacharya, Anjan Dey in his personal capacity and as President of the Association and the builder. Mr. Anjan Dey's signature in his personal capacity was duly attested by Mr. P .L. Agarwal, his Advocate and pis G signature as ·President of the Association was duly witnessed by Mr. Bhankar Kar, Secretary of the Association. This application was, however, not presented in this Court until some time in May, 1989, tor difficulties which have been attempted to be explained by the School. After this application was made the Association represented by. Mr. Amit Bikram Roy resisted it. Rejoinders have been filed on behalf H c
of the School and the builder to the objection. The original compromise petition has been produced. The builder has also placed on record the proceedings of the Board of the Association dated 11th September, 1986-a day before the compromise was signed. The re- solution of the Association's Board reads thus:
"RESOLVED that in view of finalisation of pending case at Supreme Court of India regarding dispute arising out of Property Development at La Martiniere for Boys, Calcutta as petitioned by Developer/Contractor Damodar Rope-
ways & Construction Co. Pvt. Ltd. with one of the parties being Mr. Anjan Dey and Old Martinians Association, Mr. An jan Dey be and is hereby authorised to act on behalf of the Association for the compromise solution as drawn
up by the Association's Solicitors M/s. Khaitan & Co. and as already approved by all parties concerned subject to permission by the Hon'ble Supreme Court." The proceedings were signed by Mr. Shankar Kar, General Secretary, Ms. Joyita Sen, Teasurer, Messrs Amit Bikram Roy, Vice-President, Ashoke Paul, Anjan Dey, President and Ms. Raktima Dutt.
Objection of the Association to the petition of compromise is mainly on two grounds (I) lapse of three years between the date of signature of the petition by the parties and its filing; and (2) want of authority of Mr. Anjan Dey to enter into the compromise.
The delay in filing the compromise petition in Court has been attempted to be explained on behalf of the School and the builder. If the compromise is genuine and lawful, the delay in presentation in Court could at the most, if at all, be in the realm of equity and would not be otherwise material. The resolution of the Board of the Associa- tion of I Ith September, 1986, extracted above is a complete answer to the second ground as it clarifies the position that all parties had agreed to the compromise and it was intended to be presented before this Court for permission to enter into compromise. Mr. Anjan Dey had been authorised to associate himself for the purpose. It is not the contention of the Association that the whole or any part of the agree- ment is unlawful; nor is it the contention of any of the parties that the petition has not been signed by him or them. The compromise is, therefore, in accordance with the provisions of Order XXIII, rule 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure and can be acted upon.
DAMODAR ROPEWAYS v. C.M.D. MARTIN !MISRA, J.] Before the compromise is accepted it is for the Court to be satisfied that the terms are in the interests of the Trust. Dr. Ghosh for the Association strenuously contended that the property was very valuable even as vacant site in view of the recent escalation of price of land in Calcutta and if a genuine attempt is made there was possibility of a higher offer being made and the interest of the School should, there· fore, not be sacrificed by allowing it to enter into the compromise. When we suggested to Dr. Ghosh that the Association could provide a guarantee to accept and work out the terms in the compromise in the event of the response to the advertisement not being as favourable, he was not willing to do so. We do not think that it is in the interest of the School to reject the agreement on the representation of Dr. Ghosh that there was scope of receiving better offers if advertisement was C made. A solemn agreement has been entered' into. The builder has already spent substantial sums of money on the property. The plan has been sanctioned by the Corporation and we are told that under the changed regulations it would be difficult for the School to obtain a fresh sanction. Three years have now been lost on account of the compromise not having been placed before the Court and following D the course suggested by Dr. Ghosh involves an element of uncertainty to which the School should not be exposed. Under the agreement forming the subject-matter of compromise the School would have space available for expansion in the near future. Keeping the.se aspects in view, we have thought it appropriate that the compromise should be accepted but with certain variations.
As we have already stated, built in area of 1,80,000 square feet would be available under the agreement and excluding about 50,000 square feet of built in area which may be set apart for the purpose of meeting the prospective lessees (we express no opinion about the tena- bility of such claim) who had entered into arrangements with ·the F School, 1,30,000 square feet would be available. Out of it the School has been given 60,000 square feet and the builder is to take 70,000 square feet. We suggested to Mr. Nariman for the builder that the constructed area of 1,30,000 square feet should be equally divided between the School and the builder and on instructions from his client (present in Court) Mr. Nariman has fairly agreed to do so. Since the G annual ground rent had been fixed at Rs.22,000 three years back, we indicated to Mr. Nariman that the sum should be escalated and he has agreed to have it enhanced to Rs.40,000 per year after receiving con- sent of his client. We are of the view that there should be an escalation clause in regard to the ground rent and once in every ten years escala- tion of ten per cent in the annual ground rent beginning from 1990 should be provided. These three terms iri our view sufficiently protect the interests of the School and the Trust. We accordingly accord permission to the Board of Governors to enter into compromise on behalf of the School. The civil appeal is disposed of and the terms of compromise with the three modifications indicated as to availability of extra area of 5 ,000 square feet to the School, escalation of the ground B . rent to Rs.40,000 from Rs.22,000 and provision for automatic escala- tion of ten per cent once on very ten years shall be incorporated in the decree while the other terms as agreed to by the parties shall also form part of the decree to be drawn up in the appeal.
We have not considered it in the interests of the parties to trans- mit the matter to the Calcutta High Court as that would protract the matter and the order of the Single J11\lge might be challenged in appeal and ultimately the dispute may again be brought before this Court. Another round of such litigation would be time-consuming and would not at all be in the interest of anyone.
T.N.A. Appeal disposed of.