April 25. [1955] DINABANDHU SAHU v. JADUMONI MANGARAJ AND OTHERS. [MEHR CHAND MAHAJAN C.J., MUKHERJEA, VIVIAN BosE, BHAGWATI and VENKATARAMA AYYAR JJ.] Constitution of India-Article
136-Supreme Court-If and when can interfere with findings of facts in appeal-Representati'on of the People Act (XUI! of 1951), ss. 85, 90( 4)-Requisites and finality of condanation of delay under s. 85 and powers conferred thereunder-Scope and extent of powers given to an Election T ribtt- nal under s. 90(4).
Held, that the Supreme Court does not, when hearing appeals under Article 136 of the Constitution, sit as a Court of further appeal on facts, and does not interfere with findings given on a con- sideration of evidence, unless they are perverse or based on no evi- dence and this is particularly so when the findings under challenge are those of Election Tribunals.
The rights under litigation in election proceedings are not common law rights but rights which owe their existence to statutes and the extent of those rights must be determined by reference to the statutes which create them.
The proviso to section 85 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, does not contemplate the Election Commission giving to the respondent notice of the petition for condonation of the delay,
or the holding of an enquiry as to the sufficiency of the grounds in his presence before passing an order under it. The policy underlying the provision is to treat the question of delay as one between the Election
Commission and the petitioner, and to make the decision of the Election Commission on the question final and not open to question at any later stage of the proceedings. Under section 90( 4) of the Act, when the petition docs not comply with the requirements of section 81,
section 83 or section 117, the Election Tribunal has a discretion either to dismiss it or not, "notwithstanding anything contained in section 85". The scope of the power conferred on the Election Tribunal under sec- tion 90( 4) is that it overrides the power conferred on the Election Commission under section 85 to dismiss the petition. It does · not extend further and include a power in the Election Tribunal to re- view any order passed by the Election Commission under section 85 of the Act.
The words of section 90( 4) are, "notwithstanding anything contained in section 85" and not "notwithstanding any- thing contained in section 85 or any order passed thereunder". An order of the Election Commission under section 85
dismissing a pettnon as barred will, under the scheme of the Act, be final, and the same result must follow under section 90( 4) when the order is one excusing the delay. Section 90(4) will be attracted only when
the Election Commission passes the petitiOn on to the Tribunal r.~ S.C.R. without passing any order under section 85. If the Election Com· mission can thus pass a final order condoning delay without notice to the respondent, there is no reason why it should not pass such an order suo motu. In this respect, the position under the proviso to section 85 is materially different from
that under section 5 of the Limitation Act, under which an order excusing delay is not final and is liable to be questioned by the respondent at a later stage. The proviso advised! y confers on the Election Commission
wide discretion in the matter, and the obvious intention of the Legislature was that is should be exercised with a view to do justice to all the parties. The Election Commission might therefore be trusted to pass the appropriate order when there is avoidable and unreasonable delay. That a power might be liable to be abused is no ground for denying it, when the statute confers it, and where there is an abuse of power by statutory bodies the parties aggrieved are not without remedies under the law.
While the proviso to section 85 requires that "the person making the petition" should satisfy the Election Commission that there was sufficient cause for delay, it does not require that he
should do so in person. /agan Nath v. /aswant Singh ([1954] S.C.R. 892); Krishnasami Ranikondar v. Ramsami Chettiar ( 45 I.A. 25) ; Krishna v. Chathap- pan ( I.L.R. 13 Mad. 269) referred to.
CIVIL APPELLATE JurusmcnoN: Civil Appeal No. 25 of 1954. Appeal by Special Leave granted by the Supreme Court of India by its Order dated the 11th December, 1953, from the Judgment and Order dated the 16th
November, 1953, of the Election Tribunal, Cuttack, in Election Case No. 4 of 1952. K. S. K. Iyengar,' (V. N. Sethi, B. K. P. Sinha, S. B. Jathar and S. S. Shukla, with him) for the
appellant. S. P. Sinha, (R. Patnaik and R. C. Prasad, with him) for respondent No. 1. N. Bannerji, (R. Patnaik and Ratnaparkhi Anant Govind, with him) for respondent No. 2. 1954, April 25.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by VENKATARAMA AYYAR J.-This is an appeal by spe- cial leave against die order of the Election Tribunal, Cuttack, setting aside the election of· the appellant to
the Legislative Assembly, Orissa, from the Kendrapara Dinabandhu Saha v. Jadumoni Mangarqj and Otluu. 'Dinabti~h~ Sahu ·v. "Jadumoni ·MangO.faj '"a"rid Others. V•nkatarama AyyarJ.
SlJPRBME G;@UR>T REPORTS. ''" ' Constituency.· :F,our. • persons, . t)le: appellant, and . r~s-. pondents Nos. 1 to 3,· wei:e duly 1 nominated .for election to. the se~t. ·One of them, L<iknath Das (the third res-
pondent herein), • withdrew h,is prididature, !saving the contest to .the other three. At· the ,election which'' was held between 9th and 15th 'January, ,, 1952, the appel-' !ant secured the largest number .of votes and was dec-
lared elected. · The respondent, Jadumoni Marigaraj, then pre~nted a petition under section 81 of the Re- presentation of the People Act, · (Act No. XLIII of 1951) alleging various corrupt , practices on' the · p~rt of the appellant,
and prayi!)g that the el~ction might ·.be set aside.· The.·· last date for . presenting the petition was 4th April, 1952. It was delivered at the post office at Cuttack on· 3rd Aprp, 1952, for being sent by register-
ed 'post, and actually reached the Election Commission at Delhi on 5th April; 1952, a day beyond , the period , pressri):ied. It was ;i.lso defective in its verification. Sec- .ti0n. '83(1) of the Act enacts that the. petition ;hoµld be verified in the manner laid down in the Civil Procedure
Cqde for the. verification of the pleadings. Order Vi, rule ·is, sub-clause (2), of the Civil Proceciure Code pro- vides that "the person verifying shall specify by refer- ence to the · numbered· paragraphs of the .pleading what
he verifies on ·his own knowledge and what he verifies upon 'inform~tion received and believed to be true." The verification in the ·petition did not speeify which of the paragraphs were verified on personal , knowledge
and· which, on information received , and believed to be tme. 0n 2nd July, 1952, the Election Commission passed an order condoning the delay in the presenta,. tion of the petition.
By another comi;1mnication, dated 3rd July, 1952, it drew the attention of the peti- tioner to the defect in the verification, and suggested that he might apply to the Tribunal for amending. it.
On 15th Jilly, 1952, :in order was passed up,der section of' the Act appointing the Election Tribunal, Cuttack, for the hearing of the petition. The petitioner then applied· to the Election
'.f'ribun~l for amending the verificat\on,. That -was ordered, and the verification was al,llended on 24th Julyr 1952, so .. as., to conform· to the .prescriptions laid down· in Grde.r V:I, .rule: .15(2), of the Civil Procedure Code.
.{ . j r SUPREME CC!>HR'F REP0R'FS · In' the· written statement filed· by the appellant; . he raised the .-contention ·that ·as the' petition · was· ·present~ .ed out· of time and as the verification was defective; it was liable to be ·dismissed by the ' Election Commission
under section 85 of ·the Act; and that, · ·in .consequence, the Election; Tribunal ought . to dismiss it as not -main- tainable. Disagreeing with this contention; the Elec- tion Tribunal proceeded to hear the petition· on:
the merits, a:tid ··by its judgment dated 16th November, 1953, it held by a majority that · three of the · corrupt practices· set: out in the· petition· had been established agairist ·the · appellant. -They· were ( 1) that the: appel- lant had, in violation of section 123(1) of the – Act,
induced .. the third respondent . to . withdraw , f.ro1Il the election on . .a· promise . to get him employment. ; . (2), that he.had, in brnach. of -.section, 123(6) .of.the; Act, .µ~ed Bus No. 0.R.C .. 1545 Jor co1:i.veying
tpe,, elec,:tors to polling· 'booths.;.and.{3) that he.• .had, .in cqnt~:i.yeption of section 123(8) ·of the Act; obtained the. assist;mt;:<; qf Extra. Departmental • Agents in branch .. post . ofli<:es . 11:nd of ·Presidents of .choukidari Union. in_ can:vassiµg : for him in the .election, they being in tJ:.!e . vie~ .. of,, .the Election . Tribunal; Go:vernment
servants as. defined in that provision. On these findings, the. Electiq.n . Tribu- nal passed an order setting aside .. Jhe election. of ~l).e appellant, .. The matter now. comes before us :Qn .special leave under. article 136 of the Constitution. . . " . ' '
. Jr' i~ ofo1ious that·· ·~ny one ofihe;e, .finding~;', if ac,:cepted, would . 'be sufficient to support . the ordei' of the Election tr1buriaL Whh reference to· the' last of the findings, it is , podsible to ~rge' with ~brD.'t for~e th'at · Extra · Departmental· Agents· ·· and Presidents
of Chaukidari Union · are not; •having regard· · to· . their functions, Governme:ht &ervants, and that :·accordingly there was no .contravention· of section 123(8)J But· the position is- different as regards · the other t:Wo findings. They · a:r'e pure· qudtioris of· fact, depending ori :apprecia- tion 'of evidence. ' Mt. Krishnaswami t Ayyangar,;. learned counsel . for the appellant; i . ai:gued that . . the; ; conclusions of'fhe ·majority· were not ··justified•by 'the: .,evidence· .on record; ' a:hd that the : :findings ·of the third -member .. in h:l~ 1 dissentient' i ·opinion- were . the right . bnes to•. corrie- 1 to; Dinabanlihu SahN
v. Jadumoni .Mangaraj and Others. Venkatarama AyyarJ. Din.bandhu Sahu v. jadumoni Manzaraj and Others. V mkatarama ·A)!1ar J. [1955] But this Court does not, when hearing appeals under
article 136, sit as a Court of further appeal on facts, and does not interfere with findings given on a con- sideration of the evidence, unless they are perverse or based on no evidence. This is
particularly so, when the findings under challenge are those of Election Tri- bunals. The findings in this case that the appellant got the third respondent to withdraw on a promise to
get him employment, and had used Bus No. O.R.C. 1545 for conveying voters to the polling booths, are supported by the evidence, and cannot be characteris- ed as perverse, and are therefore not open to attack in
this appeal. In this view, counsel for the appellant concentrated on the issues relating to the maintainability of the petition. He contended that as the petition was not presented within the time as required by section 81 of
the Act, it was liable to be dismissed under the mandatory provision in section 85, and that when the matter came before the Election Tribunal, its jurisdic- tion was only to pass the order which the Election
Commission ought to have passed,. and that the peti- tion should accordingly . have been dismissed in limine as not maintainable. The proviso to section 85 of the Act runs as follows :
"Provided that if a person making the petition satisfies the Election Commission that sufficient cause existed for his failure to present the petition within the period prescribed therefor, the
Election Commis- sion may in its discretion condone such failure." It was in exercise of the discretion vested in it under this provision that the Election Commission condoned the delay by its order dated 2nd July, 1952.
It is not disputed that if this order is valid, there can be no question of dismissing · the petition on the ground of delay. The contention of Mr. Krishnaswami Ayyangar is that the order is not valid, because it was passed not
on any ·application of the party praying ·that the delay might be excused but suo motu ; and such an applica- tion, it is contended, is a condition to . the exercise of jurisdiction
under .that. proviso. , Support. · for this …. • I 1 i S.C.R. contention was sought in the decisions under section 5 of the Limitation Act, holding that it was incumbent on the party praying that delay might be excused under
that section to clearly allege and strictly prove the grounds therefor. We ar.e not impressed by this con- tention. As was pointed out by this Court in /agan Nath v. /aswant Singh(1), the rights under litigation
in these proceedings are not common law rights but rights which owe their existence to statutes, and the extent of those rights must be determined by reference to the statutes which create them. The proviso to sec-
tion 85 does not contemplate the Election Commission giving to the respondent notice of the petition for con- donation of the delay, or the holding of an enquiry as to the sufficiency of the grounds in his presence before
passing an order under it. The policy underlying the provision is to treat the question of delay as one bet- ween the Election Commission and the petitioner, and to make the decision of the Election Commission on
the question final and not open to question at any later stage of the proceedings. Under section 90 ( 4) of the Act, when the petition does not comply with the require- ments of section 81, section 83 or section 117, the Elec-
tion Tribunal has a discretion either to dismiss it or not, "notwithstanding anything contained in section 85." The scope of the power conferred on the Election Tribunal under section 90( 4)
is that it overrides the power conferred on the Election Commission under section 85 to dismiss the petition. It does not extend further and include a power in the Election Tribunal
to review any order passed by the Election Commission under section 85 of· the Act. The words of section 90( 4) are, it should be marked, "notwithstanding anything contained in section 85"
and not "notwithstanding anything .contained in section 85 or any order passed thereunder." An order of the Election Commission under section 85 dismissing a petition as barred will,
under the scheme of the Act, be final, and the same result must follow under section 90( 4) when the order is one excusing the delay. Section 90( 4) will be attracted only when the Election Commission passes the petition
(1) A.LR, 1954 .s.c .. 210. Dinabandhu Sahu v. Jadumoni Man1araj and Othtrs. V1nkatarama . Ayyar ]. :D£ntlbandhu-Stihu v. JadUmani 'Mangaraj and·Others. ·venkatarama Ayyarg. SuPREME 00.URT REPORTS
[r1955j ·on to :the 'T rjbunal' without< passing any order under seG- :tiori ·85. · 'If the Election Commission tan thus· pass a ·final ordet condoning :delay without notice to the·· res- pondent, ·there'. is no reason ·'why it should not pass SuGh ·an order suo motu. · In· this ·respect; the position· under ·the proviso to section 85 is materially
different from that under. section 5 of the Limitation Act; under which an order· excusing delay is not final, and is liabk to be questioned by the respondent at a later. stage. [ Vide
the decision of ·the l'iivy Council in Krishnasdmi· Pani- kondar v. Ramasdmi Ghettiar(')]. It was argued that in this view' the respondent would 'be without remedy even .jf the EleGtion commission should
choose tO · condone delays-it might be o~ . years-, and that that would result ".in great )lardship. But the p'roviso advisedly confers on the 'Election Commis- sion ·wide discretion in the· matter, and the 6bvicius
intention ~f the Legislature' was that it should be exer- cised with a view· to do justice to all the parties~ The Election . Commission.. might therefore be ti'.ust~d · to pass the apprqpriate order when .. th~re is avoidable arid unreasonable delay. That a power might be· liable · to
be abused is no ground for denying it, when the statute cqnfers it; and where there is an · abuse of power by statutory bodies, the parties aggrieveo are not . without ample rimedies under the law. With
P,articul.~r ~efer ence to the order dated. 2nd July, 1952, it ·is .difficult to come to any "conclusion other tpan tha,t in passing 'that order the discr<;tion up.der the proviso ''to, sectii;ih." 85 has heeii properly exercised. The petition
.h~d. been presented at ,the post office one" ,day earlier;. ;ind' r~ath e<;L the' Election Commission· one day later thari the due ·date .. £vep.' if the matter ha·a .. to be judged'
urid~r· sec- .. tiori 5 of the Limitation Act, it . would have 'been a pr,oper e~erdse .of tqe powe~ under that: section"'to" h~ve . excused· the delay: .. As was ~},s~rv~d ip. ~the full ):lench decisio~ . i'n, Kris~;ia.: v. ,Cha,:J;app~~ V), .i!i' , ~}~ss~ge ·. 0~.ich ·has become daSS1c,. the words · sufficient .cause" should . r7c~iye ';i\ ,l_iberal I ~.gns.\~~ti,on ;s,~'., a~; ,tO~ ':\l4V~p'~~;" ,su)J- St~ntial iustice . when no negligence . nor mact10n nor
·~~nt 'of bona 'fill es is i~putable to th'e appell~n'i:" 1. We (•) 45 I.A. 25. (2) I.L.R. •sMad. 269: .. ' •v …. > J,,, have, ·tlierefo~e;' rto · he5ltai'i6ri ''in. holdihg tlfat the ·order dated 2nd. July; 1952; 'is· on the facts". a .pfoper 'one to pass under the' proviso to' section' 85.
' . ,. . . . . It ~a'.s also argued for the appellant ~hat the' .·power conferred by the proviso' to section 85 could, Ori ifa true construction, . be' exe'rci~ed only when the. peti.i:iorier
moved the matter in person, and as die Election Tribu- nal had found that that was not done, there was no jurisdiction in the ':Election Commission .to ' pass· the order which it did. W ~ do not see anything . · in · the
language of . the . section to support this contention. While ,the proviso . requires that "the person making the petition" should satisfy the Election CommissiOn that there' was sufficient cause for delay, it does. riot
require that he shquld do so in person. And there is nothing . in the character. of the proceedings .. requiring that the' ·petitioner should · make the representations under that proviso ·. in. person. It is only a question of satisfying the Election · Commission . thai:
there was sufficient ground for excusing the delay, and that 'could be done otherwise 'than' by the personal ·appearance of the petitiOner, None of the objections advanced against
the validity of the order dated 2nd July, 1952, being tenable, the contention that the petition · was liable to be disJ11issed .. under s,ection ~5 .as. presented out .of time must be rejected.
. . . . . . . . . , There ls another ground. on which also ·the .contention of the appellant . that the petition .is' · not. maintainable should ·fail. . When, .the election petition· came before
the .Election. Tribunal. by virtue oLthe order . under section' 86 of the Act, the appellant moved for" its . dis- missal ·under section 90 ( 4) on the grounds, firstly. that it was not. presented . within the . time, pn:scribed by
sectio.i;i, 81, . and secondly, that.it was , not verified in accordan()e with, section 83; ,but· the .Election Tribunal declined to ,do. so.·. If, it. was within the .. competence· of the Election Tribunal to pass such an order, that would
. itself, furnish a complete . an~wer to the _contention of tlie. app~~lant. ~~~at. th~ iisdti<?n I, W~~' ' no( ip~intainable. 1'1r. Kns~naswaJ11!. ~ yy,mg~!. s,ought, . ~o, g~.~ cm::r, this
ditficul~y PY contend.mg .t.hat. the order ot the. Ele~tion Commission sending the petition for' hearing by the 1·954 Dinabandhu Sahu v' Jadumoni 'Mangarqi . and Others. V enkatarama
Ay;·arJ. Dina&andhu Sizhu v. Jadumoni Mangaraj and OthtTs. Vmkatarama AyyarJ. [1955) Election Tribunal under sectiOn 86 of the Act, was with- out jurisdiction, because an order under that section
could be passed only when the petition is not liable to be dismissed under. section 85 ·as when the ·requirements of sections 81, 83 or 117 are complied with ; but that when those provisions are not complied with, its only
power under that Act was to dismiss it under section 85; that, in consequence, the Election Tribunal acquir- ed no jurisdiction to hear the petition by virtue of that order, and that all the proceedings taken under it cul-
minating in the order now under appeal were a nullity. This contention is, in our judgment, wholly untenable. The jurisdiction to pass an order under section 86 arises "if the petition is not dismissed under section 85.''
That has reference to the factual position whether the the petition was, in fact, dismisssed under section 85 and not to the legal position whether it was liable to be dismissed. That is the plain meaning of the words of
the section, and that is made plainer by section 90( 4) which provides that, "Notwithstanding anything contained m section 85, the Tribunal may dismiss an election petition which does not comply with the provisions of section 81, sec-
tion 83 or section 117." This provision clearly contemplates that petitions which are liable to be dismissed for non-compliance with sections 81, 83 or 117 might not have been so dismiss-
ed, and provides that when such petitions come before the Election Tribunal, it is a matter of discretion with it to dismiss them or not. The power of the Election Tribunal to condone delay in presentation or defective
verification is thus unaffected by the consideration whether that petition was liable to be dismissed by the Election Commission under section 85. The effect of an order under section 90( 4) declining to dismiss the
petition on the ground of delay or defective verification is clearly to condone those defects. In the instance case, with reference to the plea of limi- tation the position stands thus : The delay was con-
doned by the Election Commission under the proviso to section 85, and by reason of that order, tlie question …. / '- "~ { …. S.C.R. is, as already held, no longer open to consideration at
any later stage. Even assuming for the sake of argu- ment that the Election Commission had no jurisdiction to pass an order of condonation suo motu, and further accepting the finding of the Election Commission that
the order dated 2nd July, 1952, was so made, and that it was therefore a nullity, when the matter came before the Election Tribunal by transfer under section 86, it had jurisdiction to pass appropriate orders under sec-
tion 90( 4), and its order declining to dismiss the peti- tion is sufficient to condone the defect. The position as regards verification is slightly different. There is no provision corresponding to the
proviso to section 85 conferring express power on the Election Commission to permit amendment of the veri- fication. Whether it .has inherent power to permit such amendment, it is not necessary to decide, because when
it did not, in fact, dismiss the petition under section 85 for not complying with section 83 and passed an order under section 86 appointing an Election Tribunal for the hearing of the petition, the matter is thereafter
governed by section 90 ( 4) of the Act, and it is a matter of dis.cretion with the Election Tribunal either to dis- miss the petition for defective verification or not. In the present case, the Election Tribunal directed the
verification to be amended on 24 July, 1952, and fur- ther declined to dismiss the petition under section 90( 4) for defective verification. These are not orders with which this Court will interfere in appeal under article
136 of the Constitution. The objection to the maintainability of the petition on the ground of delay in presentation and of defective ' verification must therefore be overruled, and this appeal dismissed with costs.
Appeal dismissed. Dinabandlw Sallu v. Jadumoni Manga"1j. and Othm. V enkataraflUJ AyyarJ.