Paragraph numbers below are the court’s original numbering, recovered from the source text.
7. Aggrieved by the conviction both appellant/Al and AS carried the matter over to the High Court in appeal, where the High Court gave benefit of doubt to AS and allowed his appeal by acquitting hi'.ll of the offences charged. The appeal of appellant/ A 1 was however dismissed by the High Court as being devoid of any merit, thereby confirming the order of conviction and sentence passed by the Trial Court.
8. We heard the learned senior counsel Mr. R. Basant appearing for the accused/appellant. He contended that the entire case is fabricated and foisted one suppressing the real incident that had taken place in order to falsely implicate the accused/appellant. He has vehemently argued that the prosecution has concocted the story to harass the accused by taking advantage of his long standing rivalry with the deceased KANAKARAJAN @ concerning cutting of some rubber trees. At the alleged place of incident, which is a temple compound, there were more than 10,000 people present in addition to the police force stationed around the temple compound. He points out that, when an incident of such grave nature had taken place amidst huge public gathering and police force, it is impossible to not have a single independent witness.
9. Another vital aspect pointed out by the learned senior counsel is that making PW2 a witness to the alleged incident is an afterthought of prosecution. PW2-the author of FIR and being cousin of deceased, in connivance with his brother-in-law who was a Sub-Inspector of Police in the same district, is the mastermind in implicating the accused. As a matter of fact, on the night of the said incident, it was PW2 and the deceased Rajesh who attacked A2 (the brother of Al) and kidnapped him, due to their past enmity over cutting rubber trees belonging to another brother of Al and A2. On the next day, the dead body of A2 was found hanging from a tree under mysterious circumstances with his feet touching the ground. Sixteen (16) ante mortem injuries were found in his body and some greenish poisonous substance was found oozing from his mouth. When Al visited the police station to report the mysterious death of A2, instead the police arrested him in the present case. In order to save PW2, his brother-in-law being Sub-Inspector of Police, concocted the prosecution story and falsely implicated Al in the case. On A2's mysterious death, the police had merely registered a case of unnatural death and no proper investigation was conducted and no person was prosecuted or arrested.
10. Learned senior counsel further submitted that there was an inordinate delay of24 hours on the pai1 of police in presenting the FIR before the court and no reason has been given by the prosecution for such delay. He further contends that the motive behind the crime, as alleged by the prosecution, is so trivial and unbelievable, would not be a sufficient reason for the accused to settle with such a heinous crime. Further he submits that it was well known fact among the people living in the vicinity that the deceased Rajesh was known to be a person of G bad character in the locality as he has previously indulged in various illegal activities and had disputes with several people. According to learned senior counsel this fact stands corroborated with the evidence of PW's 2 and 4. Doubting the reliability of prosecution witnesses, it is submitted that out of the 23 prosecution witnesses, PW3 (eyewitness) turned hostile.
A PW 11 (panch witness) did not support the prosecution case on recovery of alleged weapon. The presence and conduct of PWs 4 and 5 (eyewitnesses) at the place of occurrence is highly doubtful because despite being close friends of the deceased, even after witnessing the incident, neither did they accompany the injured to the hospital nor did B they take effort to register a case with the police. Their statement was recorded by the police five days after the incident. Even PW4 in his evidence did not mention the name and presence of PWS at th~ alleged scene of offence. Learned senior counsel has finally submitted that though the High Court discarded the statement of PW2 as his presence at the place of offence was doubtful but the High Court still believed the C story of prosecution and convicted the appellant while discharging other accused by giving them benefit of doubt. Hence, he prayed that the judgment of the High Court is perverse and that it is based on wrong reasoning, and therefore needs to be set aside by this Court.
11. On the other hand, learned counsel appearing for the State D supported the prosecution case on all aspects and submitted that the reasoning given by the High Court in convicting the accused is based on settled legal principles. The High Court clearly recorded the finding that though no reliance is placed on the testimony made by the prime witness (PW2), it may not make any difference in fastening the liability of the accused. Hence, the impugnedjudgment does not call for inte:ference E by this Court.
12. Having heard learned counsel for both side and after carefully analyzing the material available on record, the following point falls for our consideration is (1.) "Whether the High Court is justified in convicting the accused (Al) and (2.) Whetherthe prosecution could prove the guilt F of the accused beyond reasonable doubt"?
13. Looking at the evidence on record we find that there are certain pivotal issues where the prosecution has failed to provide a satisfactory explanation. The facts on hand reveal that the incident took place at 2 AM on the night of s•h and 61h March 2000. The place of G occurrence is in the compound of the temple. On that day an ox procession was going on, there was a huge gathering of people and also several police personnel were present to maintain law and order. Moreover PW2-the eye witness, who happens to be the cousin of the deceased, basing on whose information the criminal law was set into KANAKARAJAN @ motion. According to his statement a police constable was present when A the incident was taking place. Further he had tried to stop the accused and was injured in the process. He carried the injured to the hospital at Pallakkad in his own jeep. Later he did not accompany the deceased to the Medical College Hospital Thrissur, where on the way dect.ased succumbed to the injuries. He came to know about the death at 7:30 B AM, he neither chose to go to the police nor to the doctor for treatment and kept quiet till the police came to him. According to PW2 there are several houses and shops in the vicinity of the place where the incident took place, PW3 who is cited as eye witness turned hostile.
14. The prosecution then relied upon the evidences of PW4 and PWS; both of them have stated to have witnessed the incident and are cited as the independent witnesses. It is to be noted that the witness statements of PW 4 and PW 5 were recorded five days after the incident. PW4 deposed that he is a friend of deceased and got acquainted with PW2 after the incident. He did not mention about the presence of PWS at the time of incident. Admittedly no test identification parade was D conducted and he did not know the names of accused persons as on the date of occurrence. PW 11, the panchwitness for recovery of the we11pon, has turned hostile. He deposed that he signed the document without even knowing the contents of it.
15. As per PW21 the Sub Inspector of Police, several policemen E were on duty at temple premises. As per PW22 the C.I of police PW4 told him that there were 3 constables present at the scene of crime. Neither PW4 nor PWS disclosed to him that they knew the accused before the incident. They also did not mention the names of any of the accused. In clear terms, he admitted that though he had interrogated the people near the place of occurrence, he did not include them as witness. PW 6 is the doctor who conducted post mortem on the deceased. PW 18 is the doctor who examined the dead body of deceased Ayyappan Kutty (A2). According to him the cause of death was due to hanging. In the report he mentioned that in the stomach portion there were few unidentified food particles in a brownish fluid medium emitting an a insecticide smell. He also expressed the view that there can be death of the person or unconsciousness after consuming insecticide. Evidently there were 16 ante mortem injuries on his body and was found hanging from a tree with his feet touching the ground. There is no investigation or explanation put forth by the prosecution for these injuries.
16. The crucial evidence of DWI is that on the evening of 5.3.2000, he saw Rajesh (deceased) scuffling with an Auto Rickshaw driver when A2 interfered and separated them taking the side of Auto Rickshaw driver. Later in the midnight, Rajesh (deceased) holding a liquor bottle in one hand and knife in the other hand, attackedA2. At that point of time, when people started gathering, 2-3 people had taken away Ayyappan Kutty (A2) from there. The next day at 9.30 am the body of A2 was found hanging from a tree with his legs touching the ground.
17. In the backdrop of these facts and circumstance a closer look at the evidence of prosecution witnesses, in particular PW2, PW4 PWS, PW! 1, PW12, PW21 and PW22, would reveal that these witnesses are C not cogent and trustworthy to form basis to convict the appellant. Admittedly the incident had taken place in the midst of several hundred people and the prosecution witnesses in equivocal terms stated that the police personnel were present. There is nothing on record to show that the police constables available at the scene of offence were examined D or that they have played any role in preventing the accused. The conduct of PW2 in not accompanying the accused to the second hospital, not giving the complaint to the police and not getting his injuries treated raises serious doubts and supports the case of the defense that PW2 is the king pin who has implicated the accused with the help of his brother- in-law who is in the police department. Above all when the High Court disbelieves the presence of PW2, at the scene of offence, it ought not to have taken into consideration his evidence to convict the appellant. The prosecution has not taken minimum care to examine the independent witnesses in support of their case and particularly when it is nobody's case that independent witnesses were not available.
18. We feel that non examination of credible independent witnesses in this case is very much fatal to the prosecution's case. Particularly when it is their own case that there were several shops and houses in the vicinity and several people were present. It is not necessary that in each and every case on the ground of non examination of independent G witnesses the case of the prosecution has to be brushed aside, if the evidence of prosecution witnesses is consistent, cogent and corroborated by other evidence it can be safely relied upon, but it is not so in the case at hand. The High Court disbelieved the presence of PW2, PW3 turned hostile, statements of PW4, PWS and PW 22 do not inspire confidence. No other independent witness is examined. PW 11 the panchwitness for KANAKARAJAN @ recovery of weapon has also turned hostile and deposed that he signed without reading the same. Moreover there is no evidence to show any results of forensic examination of the weapon so recovered. In our considered opinion the High Court, while convicting the appellant, should have been more cautious while weighing the evidence of these prosecution witnesses.
19. It is to be noted that the High Court has undertaken a scientific hypothesis to conclude that the difference or time of death, between the deceasedA2 and Rajesh, were not connec:.:d. High Court's reliance on conjectural premise built upon the timing of rigor mortis, when the surrounding circumstances were suspicious, would not be safe to be followed. The next important aspect which requires our consideration is non-explanation of the injuries on the body of deceased A2. The death c of deceased A2 as per ocular and medical evidence appears to be under suspicious circumstances. It is a clear case of latches on the part of prosecuting agency in conducting investigation goes to the root of the matter. Non-explanation of the serious injuries on the body of the accused D A2 by the prosecution is fatal in this case.
20. In this case the High Court while convicting the accused has overlooked settled principles of criminal law and in a mechanical way based its conclusion on the premise that the injuries were not sustained in the process of the same incident. In a case of this nature, where the investigating agency utterly failed in its duty to thoroughly investigate and find out the reasons for the death of A2 who is alleged to be the prime accused in causing the death of the deceased, convicting an accused would not be safe.
21. The other ground put forth by the learned senior counsel is in respect of motive. According to him the motive attributed to the accused is that he had cut the rubber trees belonging to the brother of the accused four (4) years prior to the incident and it is not a sufficient motive to commit such a heinous crime. Needless to say that in this case the motive is a double edged sword, as it can be a reason for crime and at the same time a reason for false prosecution specially when the motive alleged is of ill-will and bad blood. In the present case evidence on record does not inspire confidence. Therefore, reliance on the motive would not be safe and as _such serves no purpose.
22. The other glaring aspect is non-conduction of the test identification parade. This aspect gains relevance as PW4 and PWS, [2017] S S.C.R. A who are cited as eye witnesses to the incident, deposed that they have not mentioned the names of the accused and that they did not know the accused.
23. Therefore we find that the prosecution case is filled with infirmities and lacunas, therefore the only possible and probable course B left open is to grant benefit of reasonable doubt to the appellant herein. Resultantly, the impugned judgment is set aside and the appeal is allowed. The bail bonds of the appellant stands discharged. Ankit Gyan Appeal nllowed.