(1) S.C.R. (P. B. KESARSINGH v. BALWANT SINGH GAJENDRAGADKAR, K. N. WANCHOO and K. c. DAS GUPTA, JJ.) Sikh Gurdwaro-Tribunal's decision regarding claims to property-Binding nature- Civil Court, if can go behind-Sikh Gurdwara& Act, 1925 (8 of 1925), ss. 25A, 36, 37.
Limitation-Adi1erse possession-PosBP.8Bion as servants- It' hether adverse-Indian Limitation Act, 1908 (9 of 1908), Arl8. 142, 144. In 1933 there were proceedings before the Sikh Gurdwa-
ras Tribunal under the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925, for d~termining whether the bunga in suit was the property of the Golden Temple. In these proceedings K and J claimed to be owners of the bunga and B claimed that he was the descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh and as such was entitled to the bunga as a manager.
The Tribunal rejected the claims of the Golden Temple and of K and J and held that the bunga was wakf property under the management of the descendants of Maharaja Sher Singh. Subsequently, B brought a civil suit for possession of the bunga by ejectment of K and J on the ground that they being servants or servitors of the wakf had forfeited their right of residence as they were claiming rights adverse to the wakf.
K and J resisted the suit mainly on the grounds that B was not competent to maintain the suit as he was not a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh and that they had pres• cribed title by adverse possession.
Held, that ss. 36 and 37 of the Act barred K and J from raising the question before the Civil Court whether B was a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh. The Act had given full powers to the Tribunal to decide, not merely the claim of
the Sikh Gurdwara, but also of all the rival claimants before it. Section 36 barred any court from questioning anything done by the Tribunal in exercise of its powers under the Act. Section 37 barred any court from passing any order or decree or executing any order or decree if the effect of doing so was inconsistent with decision of the tribunal. The decision of the Tribunal that the bunga was wakf property and that the
descendants of Maharaja Sher Sin!(h were the managers had becomr, final. The claim of B that he was a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh was never challenged before the Tribunal and its decision was given at the instance of B.
Held, further, that the suit was not barred by limitation either under Art. 142 or Art. 144 of the Limitation Act. Kand Nor;ember 3, Kesar Si11th v. Balu·a11t Singh Wandwo J. 3::!6
J ,..,ere in possession as servants or servitors and their possession was permissive. From the decision of the Tribunal it was clear that no hostile title was set up by Kand J against B at any time before the proceedings of 1933, "' such the suit
which was filed in 1943 could not be barred by limitation. CrvIL APPELLATE J URISDIC'l"ION: Civil A ppca 1 No. 34 of 1954. Appeal from tho judgment and decree dated July 2, 1951, of tho Punjab High Court in Regular
:First A ppcal No. 269 of 1945. N. S. Bindra and l/arbans Singh, (or the appellant. Gopal Singh, for the reRpondents. 1961. November 3. The Judgment of the Court was delivored by WANCIIOO, J.-Thc suit out of which the
present appeal arises has had a chequered history. It was filed as far back as June 1943, the plaintiff being S. Balwant Singh (hereinafter rderred to as the respondent). Tho main defendants were Kesa.r
Singh and Jaswant Singh, of whom Kesa.r Singh will bu referred to as the appellant hereinafter. Tho suit was with rospect to a house known as bunga 1l:laharaja Sher Singh which is situate outside
tho tank around Sri Harmandir Saheb (hereinafter referrcred to as the Golden Temple) in Amritsar. The case of the respondent was that he and his uncle who was made a defendant to the suit were
managers of this bunga which was wakf property and that they and t.heir ancestors had been in posses- sion of it throughout. There were proceedings before the Sikh Gurdwaras Tribunal established
under the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, No. VIII of 1925, (hereinafter referred to ae the Act) in 1933 with respect to thiR bunga. The proclledings arose because a claim was put forward that the bunga
was the property of the G<Jlden Temple. In those procoedings the a ppe II ant and the other defendant claimed the bunga. The respondent also made a II• (ll s.c.R . claim to the bunga. The proceedings were all
consolidated and it was decided that the bungs. was not the property of the Golden Temple; the claims of the appellant and the other defendant were also dismissed and the Tribunal
held that the respondent and his uncle had the right to manage and supervise the bunga and were its managers .. There were appeals to the High Court from that decision by the appellant and the other defendant
which were dismissed with the result that the Rtatus of the respondent and his uncle as determined by the Tribunal was upheld. Thereafter the respon- dent along with his uncle filed a declaratory suit
against the appellant and the other defendant. In that suit they were ordered to file a suit f<;ir posses- sion. Consequently the present suit was filed for possession and ejectment of the appellant and the
other defendant. The case for ejectment was based on the ground that the appellant and the other defendant were in possession of the bunga without any right. They had been asked to deliver possession to the
respondent but refused to do so and continued to treat the bunga, which was wakf property as their personal property. The respondent therefore did not desire to ke1>p the appellant and the other
defendant as servitors to look after the bunga. as they were clii,iming rights adverse to the wakf and consequently prayed for their ejectment and delivery of possession of the bunga to him and bis
uncle. The suit was resisted l>y the appellant and the other defendant and it was contended that the respondent was not a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh and was therefore not entitled to the manage-
ment of'tho bunga. It was denied that the bunga. was wakf property. It was also denied that the respondent and his uncle had ever anything to do with the bunga or were ever in possession of it a.s
liuar Sin1h Balwant Singh Wanchoo J. Kt1a~ SiJTgh B,-ilwa11t Sing% Wa!khoo J, ~8 SUPREME OOURT REPORTS [1962] SUPP. managers. It was further alleged that any decision of the tribunal agaiust the appellant had no effect
as the tribunal had no jurisdiction to give any decision and in any case the tribunal had given no decision in favour of the respondent and his uncle. Further even if any decision was given in favour of
the respondent and his uncle by the tribunal, it was not binding on the appellant as he was no party to those proceedings. It was also claimed that the appellant was the owner of the bunga and
in any c11.se even if the hunga was wakf property the appellant was it.s hereditary manager and was entitled to it.s possession and could not bo ejected by the respondent. Finally, adverse poBBession
was claimed against the respondent who was alleged to have never been in po88e88ion within 12 yearR before the suit was filed and in any case as the respondent's application under s. 25A of the
Act had been dismissed in July 1935 he had no right to file a suit for poBSession thereafter. On these pleadings, eight issues were framed by the trial court, which are as below : –
I. Whether the bunga in dispute is a wakf property founded by Maharaja Sher Singh, or any descendant of Ma.haraja Sher Singh? 😕 . Is the plaintiff a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh, and is therefore entitled to get
posseBBion of tho bunga in dispute as a manager? 3. Is tho plaintiff entitled to bring this suit aione? · 4. Is the suit within time? 5. h the suit barred under s. 92 Civil Procedure Code!
l'. Are the dcfondant.s debarred from denying the plaintiff's title in view of the judgment (1) S.C.R. of the Lahore High Court and the decision of the Sikh Gurdwaras Tribunal? 7. Has the plaintiff relinquished his right
and what is its effect? 8. Relief? In the trial court, the parties argeed that the decision might be given only on issues 3 to 7 and issues Nos. I and 2 might be left undecided. Consequently,
the trial court proceeded to decide issues 3 to 7 only. It held on issue No. 3 that the repondent was entitled to bring the suit alone. On issue No. 4, thA trial court held that the suit was barred by time.
Is~ue No. 5 was not pressed and was therefore decided against the appellant. On issue No. 6 the trial court was of the view that it was not neces- sary to give any finding on it in view of the finding
on the question of limitation; even so it held that the defendants were debarred from denying the plaintiff's title in view of the judgment of the Lahore High Court and the decision of the Tribunal.
On issue No. 7 it held that in view of the decision of the tribunal and judgment of the High Court it could not be said that the respondent had relin- quished his rights. In the result, the suit was
dismissed on the ground of limitation. The respondent then went in appeal to the Punjab High Court. The High Court held on the question of limitation that the suit was not barred by time. It then referred to the deciaion of the
tribunal which had held that the bunga w-as wakf property founded hy Maharaja Sher Singh and held th9t this decision of the tribunal was binding and conclusive. It was of the view that the ques-
tion whether the respondent was the descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh and therefore entitled to ob· tain possession of the bunga which was the subject· matter of issue No. 2 should have been decided,
It therefore accepted the a.ppeal and set aside the order of the trial court on the question of limitation Kesar Singh v. Ba/want Singh Wanchoo J, Ktsar Singh v. Bolwant Singh i:·a11ohoo J.
and remanded the e;ase for the decision of issue No. 2 as framed by the trial court and further framed two additional is,ues and directed the trial co•irt to decide them also. These additional issues
were:- I. WRH Jaswant Singh a bungai or a servitor of the plaintiff and defendant Ko. 3 or their ancestors? 2. Can the plaintiff dispossess the defen- dants on any of the grounds specified in para-
graph 4 of the plaint? On remand the trial court held against the respondent on issue No. 2. Its finding was that l- it had not been proved that the respondent was the eescendant of Ma.haraja. Sher Singh and therefore
ntitled to get possession of th" bwiga in dispute as manager. On the first additional issue, tho trial court found that the appellant and the other defen- dant were servitors or bwigais. On the second addi-
tional iBBue it was found that a bungai or servitor if he denies the title of tho rightful owner on whoso behalf he manages the property forfeits his rights to retain the property or to continue as servitor,
and as the appellant and the other defendant had set up a title adverse to the rC!!pondent, they would be liable to ejectment on the ground specified in para 4 of the plaint, if the respondent is the rightful
owner, whether a.~ trustee or otherwise, of the bung a. On receipt of these findings, the appeal was heard again, this time by Pnother Benoh of the High Court, The High Court pointed out that issue
No. 6 had not been decided on the earlier oooasion and took the view that if issuti No. 6 were decided in favour of the respondent it would not be neces· eary to go into the question whether the respondent
waa the descendant of M.a.haraja Sher Singh and therefore entitled to sue for ejectment. The High Court therefore addrei.eed iteelf to the decision of issue No. 6 and held that in view of the judgment
of the Lahore High Court and the decision of the tribunal, the appellant and the other defendant were debarred from denying the. respondent's title as a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh. In that
view of the m!l.tter it held that the suit must suc- ceed as the question of limitation had been decided against the appellant and the oth'er defendant and it was not open to go into the question whether
the respondent was a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh and therefore entitled to maintain the suit. The appeal was therefore allowed and the suit was decreed. The appellant then applied for leave to
appeal to this Court, which was granted; and that is how the matter has come up before us. The appeal came up for. hearing before this Court in lli58. This Court then took the view that
it was difficult to decide the appeal satisfactorily without having a finding on the essential issue, namely, whether the plaintiff was a descendant of Maharaja Sher !Singh and therefore entitled to get
possession of the bunga ih dispute as a manager. This Court therefore directed the High Court to record a finding on issue No. 2 and also on the two additional issues framed by the High Court when
the remand was made on an earlier occasion·. The appeal has.now come up for hearing again.after the findings of the High Court, which are that the res- pondent has n9t been proved to be the descendant
of Maharaja Sher Singh and that the appellant and the other defendant were in possession of the bunga as bungais or BewadarB and that they were liable to ejeotment because they had denied the title of the
rightful owner on whose behalf they were managing the property. In effect the High Court confirmed the findings of the trial court on remand. Before we g0 into the effect of the findings
now submit~ by the HigJi Court on the direction of this.court, it is in our opinion necessary to decide issue No. 6, for if that issue is decided in favour of Kesar Singh v. Bal want Si n:h
Wanchoo J, 11161 K,1arSingh v. Be/want Singh li' onchoo J. the respondent it will not be open to the appellant or the other defendant to question that the respon- dent was the descendant of J\faharaja Sher Singh
and consequently had the ri~ht to maintain the suit. That brings us to the consideration of the effect of the decision of the tribunal and the judgment of the Lahore High Court in appeal therefrom, which in
its turn requires a considl•ration of the provisions of the Act. The Act was passed to provide for the better administration of certain Sikh Gurdwaras and for inquiries into matters and settlement of disputes
connPcted therewith. Section 3 ( l) of the Act provides for forwarding by any Sikh or any present office.bolder of a Gurdwara, specified in Sch. I,. of a list of all rights, titles or interests in immovable
properties situate in Punjab and in all monetary endowments yielding recurring· income or profit received in Punjab which he claims to belong, within his know ledge, to the gnrdwara along with
the name of the person in possession of any such right, title or interest. On receiving such lists, the St.'\te Government has to publish, inter alia, under s. 3 (2) a consolidated list in which all rights, titles
and interests in such properties as are described in sub-a. ( l) are included and also to send by registered post a notieti of the claim to each of the persons named therein as being in po88e8sion of such right,
title or interest. Section 5 (I) then provides that any person may forward to the State Government a petition claiming a right, title or interest in any such property included in such consolidated list
within a certain. time of its publication. Sub-section (:l) then lays down that if no claim is made under s. 5 (I) within the time limited thereby, the State Government shall publish a notification declaring
that no such claim has been made with respect to the property notified under s. 3 (I). Sections 7 and 10 make similar provisioM with respect to gurdwaras which are not included in Sch .. I to the Act; but we
(l) S.C.R1 are not concerned with them in the present appeal for the Golden Temple is included in Sch. I awl ss. 3 and 5 apply to it. Section 12 then provides for setting up of a tribunal. Section 14 gives power to
the State Government to forw:trd to the trib~nal all petitions received by it under th•J provisions of s. 5 and other sections and the tribunal has to dispose of such petitions in accordance witb. the
provisions of the Act. Seeticin 15 is important and may be read in extenso- "(l) In disposing of any matter in which it has jurisdiction a tribunal may order any dispute arising therefrom to be dealt within
one proceeding separately or more such dis- putes than one to be dealt with in one proceeding, and ma;r, by public advertisement or otherwise, enquire if any person desires to be made a party to any proceeding, and
may join in any proceeding any person who it considers ought to be made a party thereto. (2) The tribunal may ordAr any person to submit within a fixed time a statement in writing setting forth the nature of his claim or
objection and the grounds thereof. (3) If any person fails to comply with an order passed under the provisions of sub- section (2) and duly notified to him, the tribuna.l may decide the matter in dispute
against him, provided that the tribunal may at any time extend the time fixed by its order for the submission of the statement if the person satisfies it that he had sufficient cause
for not submitting the statement within the time fixed. (4) A tribunal may pass any such order as to costs of a proceeding as a court might pass under the provisions of the Code of Civil
Prooedlll'e, 1008." Kesar Sin!h v. Balwant Slngh WanchJo J, 11161 Kuar Singh v. Balwant Sin.~h U'ari(hoo J. 33<1 SUPRE:\fE COURT REPORTS (1962) SUPP. Then comes s. 25A which Jaye down that when it
has been decided under the provisions of the A ct that a right, title or interest. in immovable property belongs to a notified Sikh Gurdwara, or any person, the Committee of the Gurtlwara concerned or the
person in whose favour a. declaration has bcrn matle may, within a period of one year from the date of the decision or the date of the eonstitution of the Committee, whichever is la.tP.r, institute a. suit before
a. tribunal claiming to be awarded possession of the ri~ht, title or interest in thl' immovable property in question as against the parties to the previous petition, and the tribunal shall, if satisfied that the
claim relates to the right, title or interest in the in11no"able property which has been held to belong to the Gurdwara, or to the person in whose favour tho d!'claration has been made, pass a deoree for
possession accordingly. Section 26 then inter alia lays down that when it has been decided, under the provisions of the Act, that a right, title or interest in immovable property belongs to a Notified Sikh
Gurdwara or when a right, title or interest in such property has been included in a list published under the provisions of s. 5 (3), the Collector of tho dis- trict in which tho property is situawd shall, on
application being made to him on this behalf and after making such enquiry as he may deem proper into the fact of such deoision or inclusion, cause an entry t-0 be made in the records-of-rights, if any, of
tho estaw in which the property is eitua.ted record- ing the ~rdwara as the owner of the right, title or interest in accordance with the provisions of the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887. Section 28 then
provides for a suit for poesession in respect of properties in whir.h no claim has been made under s. 5 ors. JO. Section 34 (1) gives a right of appeal to the High Court to any party aggrieved by·a final
order passed by the tribunal dewrrnining any matwr decided by it under the provisions of the Act. Sections 36 and 37 are important and may be read in extenso. (1) S.C.R. "36. No suit shall lie in any court to
question anything purporting to be done by the State Government or by a tribunal in exercise of any powers vested in it by or under this Act." "37. Except as provided in this Act no
court shall pass any order or grant any decree or execute wholly or partly, any order or decree, if the effect of such order, decree or execution would be incor,sistent with any decision of a tribunal, or any order passed on
appeal therefrom, under the provisions of this Part." It is clear therefore from the scheme of the Act that it gives jurisdiction to the tribunal to decide all claims to properties which are claimed to
to be the properties of a Sikh Gurdwara mentioned in Sch. I to the Act. It is true that where a property in notified in the list under s. 3 each person who has a claim to that property has to make a separate
claim .,n his own behalf which is forwarded to the tribunal for decision. It is clear however from the provisions of s. 15 ~hat where a tribunal is dealing with a property which is claimed to belo.r g to a Sikh
Gurdwara and in respect of which counter claims have been made by other persons, it has jurisdiction to decide to ~horn that property belongs, whether to the Sikh Gurdwara or to any oLher person claim-
ing it and for that purpose it can consolidate the proceedings resulting from different claims to the same property so that all disputes with regard to that property can be decided in one consolidated proceed-
ing. Further it has the power under s. 15 to inquire by public advertisement or otherwise if any person desires to be made a party to any proooeding and may join in any proceeding any person who it con-
siders ought to be made a party thereto. Where therefore a number of claims have been made under s. 5 to the same property which is claimed under s.3 Kesar Sinth v. Balwarrt Singh
Warichoo J. K11ar Si.,gli Ba/wa"l Sing/a IVanthoo J, to bP!ong to a Sikh Gurdwa.ra the trihunal can consolidate a.II such claims umfor s. 1 !i and treat all the claims as one proceedi1!g. Where therefore
tho trib1111al consolidates the claims in one proceed. i11g Pach claimant even though he had made a claim for himself as ag.iinst the Sikh Gurdwara would be cntitle<l under s. 15 to contest tho claim not c,nly
of the Sikh Gurdwara but of any other person who is making a rival claim to the property ltS against the Sikh Gurdwara. It is also clear from s. 25A that in deciding the claims made undt>r s. 5 it is
open to tl1c tribunal not only to decide whether the property to which claims have been made belongs tc the Gurdwara but also to decide whetl'.er it belongs to anv of the claimants. It sccmH therefore
that th•' Act has given full power to the tribunal to dPcide between the rival claims of the Sikh Gurdwara and other claimants under s. 5 and empowers it not only to give a d~cision as to the rights of the Sikh
Gurdwara but also of other claimants. Further there is provision in s. 3! of the Act for appl'al to tho High Court hy any party aggrieved by a final order passed hy a tribunal in matters decided by it
und<'r the provisions of the Act. The wor<ls in s. 34 ( 1) are very wide and where claims are consolidated in one procerding under s. l 5 ani the claim of the Gurdwarn and the rival claims of various claimants
under s. 5 with respect to one property are decided in a consolidate<! proceeding, it is clear that any party who was pnrty to the consolidated proceeding would be Pntitled to appeal against the order of the
tribunal if it went against it and was in favour of the Sikh Gurdwara or of any other claimant in tho consolidated proceeding. Section 36 thereafter bare a suit in any court to question any d1•cision of a
tribunal in exercise of any powers vested in it by or under the Act. Section 37 bars any court from paMing any order or granting any decree or execut· ing wholly or partly any order or decree, if the effect
of such order, or decree or execution would be (1) S.C.R. inconsistent with any decision of a tribunal or any order passed on appeal therefrom under the provi- sions of the Act. –
It is on this scheme of the Act that we have to see whether it is open to the appellant and the otl-.er rlefendant to raise the q?estion in the present suit thaL Balwant Singh was not the'descendant of
Maharaja Sher Singh and therefore not entitled to maintain the present suit. It is necessary for this purpo~e to examine the order of the tribunal which was made on June 22, 1933, by a majority of two
to one. It is not in dispute that this bunga was notifieC: uuder s, 3 of the Act as property claimed by the Golden Temple. This notification led to four c1aims with respect to this bunga., namely, by
Jaswa.nt Singh who was a party to the suit from which the present appeal has a.risen, Darbara Singh and others with whom we are not concerned, Kesar Singh appellant and Balwant Singh respondent. The
tribunal consolidated all the four claims up.der s. 15 of the Act and dealt with the matter in one proceed- ing. The case of Jaswant Singh was that he was in possession of the first storey of the bunga by virtue
of his perpetual rights of possession and manage- ment in the bunga as bungai. Kesar Singh's case was that he was in possession of two rooms on the first and second floors of the bunga. He did not
define what his right was but denied that the bunga was wakf. Balwant Singh's case was that the bunga was built by his ancestors for spiritual and wordly benefit of their offspring and was in his
possession and that of his ancestors and should be declared to be the property of his family. All these three claimants denied that the Golden Temple had any kind of right in the bunga..
In the consolidated proceeding therefore the tribunal had to decide firstly whether the bunga was the property of the Golden Temple. If it decided that, a.II the claims would necessarily fall
1:161 Kesar Singh v. Balwant Sinzh Wanchoo J. Kesar Sirl,ih Ra/wanl Sin1h 1ranthoo J. through. But if it held that the bunga was not tht property of the Golden Temple it had to adjudicate
on the respective claims of Jaswant Singh, Kcsar Singh and Balwant Singh . .By majority, tho tribunal held that the bunga was not the property of the Golden Temple. It therefore had to decide to which
of the three claimants under s. 5, if any, the bunga could be hold to belong. It ncµ-atived the claims of Kesar Singh and Jaswant Singh. As to Balwant Sin&}i's claim it held by a maj<>rity that
Balwant Singh had no personal or private right in the bunga. It further held that the bunga was wakf property dedicated to the pilgrims to the Golden Temple and that the descendants of Maharaja
Sher Singh were the managers of the bunga. It is clear from the decision of the majority of the tribu- nal that the descent of Bal want Singh from Maha· raja Sher Singh wa.s not disputed before the tribu-
nal either by the Golden Temple or by any other party. It is clear therefore thl\t the tribunal had jurisdiction to decide the rights to the bunga, as it was one of the properties notified under s. 3. It
had also the jurisdiction to determine all claims made under s. 5 and it consolidated all the claims into one proceeding and decided the rights of the claimants and the Golden Temple in that Proceeding.
Now the respondent ·was claiming in those proceed- ings that he was the owner of the bunga a.a the des- cendant of Maharaja Sher Singh. Neither tho Golden Temple nor the other claimants seem to have
challenged the claim of the respondent before the tribunal on the ground that he was not a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh and therefore had no right to maintain the claim. The whole proceecling before
the tribunal wa.s conducted on tho basis that the respondent was a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh and the only question was whether as such descen- dant he had a right to the property. The tribunal
negatived his claim of ownership of the bunga and held that it was wakf property under the manage- ment of the descendants or Maharaja Sher Singh. (1) S.C.R. It has been urged that the order of the tribunal
does not mention in the operative part that Balwant Singh was entitled to manage the property as the descendant of )faharaja Sher Singh and this shows that though the tribunal was of opinion that the
descendants of Maharaja Sher Singh were entitled to manage the bunga it was not accepting Balwant Singh's claim as such descendant and there was thus no decision in favour of Balwant Singh. We
cannot accept this contention, for if Balwant Singh was not a descendant at all of Maharaja Sher Singh and if this point was raised by anybody before the tribunal his claim would have failed on the simple
ground that he was nobody to put forward the claim of the descendants of Maharaja Sher Singh. The reaeon why the tribunal used the words "that the descendants ofMaharajaSher Singh are managers
of the bunga" appears to be that at that time the father of Balwant Singh was alive and in the pre· sence of his father Balwant Singh could not claim a right to manage the bunga. Therefore the tribunal
used neutral words, namely, "the descendants of Maharaja Sher Singh are managers of the bunga", instead of mentioning Balwa.nt Singh as the manager of the bunga. This is clear from
an earlier part of the derision of the tribunal where in dealing with the question of owner- ship of Balwant Singh, it has remarked that "it is hard to see that Balwant Singh has any
personal or private rights over the hunga in the pre- sence of his father Raghbir Singh". Though there- fore the respondent was held by the majority of the tribunal, not to have rights in himself because his
father was alive the tribunal nevertheless went into the question of the rights of Maharaja Sher Singh's descendants at the instance of Balwant Singh treat- ing him as a representative of the descendants. This
is also clear from the form in which the issue No. 3 was framed, namely, "was the bunga in dispute built by Maharaja Sher Singh, ancestor of Balwant Singh p_etitioner in 1629, and has been in his poBBession ?
What rights as he been exercising over it ?" It is Kesar Sing/, v. B•lwant Sinf!,h H'anchoo J. CP6T Kesar Singh v. Balwanl Singh JVanr.hoo J, clear therefore that before the tribunal Balwant
Singh's claim as a descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh was not challenged by tho appellant or the other defendant-; and the tribunal found in favour of the descendants of Maharaja Sher Singh at the
instance of Balwant Singh. It was in our opinion open to the appellant and the other defendant to challenge this finding in favour of the d!JSCendants of Maharaja Sher Si11gh at the instance of Balwant
Singh under s. 34 of the Act as all the claims were consolidated under s. 15 and treated as one- case relating to one property. But though the appel- lant and. the other defendant went in appeal to the
High Court they do not seem to have challenged tho finding of the tribunal in favour of the descen- dants of llfaharaja Sh~r Singh! Further tho Golden Temple also went in appeal; but it also did not
challenge the decision in favour of the descendants of Maharaja Sher, Singh. That decision has there- fore become fina! and according to that decision the descendants of Maharaja Sher Singh are the mana-
gers of this. bunga. That decision was given at the instance of thO- respondeqt whose claim in those proceedings based on bis beiug a descendant of l\faharaja Sher Singh was never challenged on the
groung that he was not the descendant of" Maharaja Sher Singh. The question therefore that arises is whether in view of ss. 36 and 37 of the Act it would be open to any court now to give a decision which
will go against what h!ts been held in that decision of the·IT'ribuna!. If a court cannot give a decision which would go against the decision of the Tribunal in 1933, it would obviously be not open to a party
to those proceedings to raise any question which would have the effect of questioning the decision of the Tribunal. Section· 36 barn any court from questioning anything done by a'Tribunal in exer-
cise of 'the powers vested in •it by or under the Act. Section -37 ha.rs any court from pa.ssing any order t (1) S.0.1-t. SUPREME COURT REPOl'tTS or granting any decree or executing wholly or
partly any order ot decree if the effect of such order, decree or execution would be inconsistent with any decision of the tribunal or any order passed on appeal therefrom under the provisions
of the Act. Now the decision of the tribunal which became final as it was not appealed from either by the Golden Temple or by the appellant or the other def911dant was that the bunga. was wakf property
unqer the management of the descendants of Maha· raja Sher Singh and this decision was given at the instance of the respondent who claimed in those pr'oceedings to be a descendant of Maharaja Sher
Singh and this claim of his to be a descendant of l'lfaharaja Sher Singh was never disputed. If there- fore the Court now holds at the instance of the appellant or the other defendant that the respon-
dent is not the descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh it will be questioning the decision of the tribunal and passing an order or granting a decree which would be inconsistent with the decision of the tribunal.
Section 36 and 37 bar any such order or decree by the court and therefore the appellant and the other defendant are naturally debarred from raising a point the decision of which is barred under ss.
and 37 of the Act. We are therefore of opinion that the view taken by the High Court in its judg- ment after remand on issue No. 6 is correct and it is not open to the appellant to raise the question
whether the respondent is a descendant of l'lfaharaja Sher Singh and as such entitled to maintain the pre- sent suit. This brings us to the question of limitation, which was decided by the High Court on the earlier
occassion when the remand was made. The case of the appellant in that connection is that he was in adverse possession and the respondent had been out of possession for over 12 years before the suit
was filed in 19i3 and therefore the suit should be dis- missed as barred under Art. 144 as well as .A.rt. 142 Ktsar Singh Ba/want Sinth Wanchoo J. Kesar Sinth Balwant Singh Hlanchoa J.
of the Limitation Act. The appellant· contends that the . plaint itself shows that the respondent had been dispossessed more than 12 years before the present'. Ru it was filed -and therefore the suit
must fail on the ground of limitation. We agree with the High Court however that a careful reading of paras. 3 and 4 of the plaint shows that the res- pondent's case was that he and bis uncle were
managers of the bunga as descendants of !\Iaharaja Sher Singh and that the appellant and the other ··–' . defendant were in possession as their servants or ' servitors. ·But these servants had started denying
·the title of the respondent and his uncle they do · . not want. to keep them any longer in_their service. . . They , therefore filed the suit for ejectment ·of these servants and for possession of the property. The
High Court -therefore was right· in the view it took that it was a case of permissive possession arising . in favour of the appellant and the other defendant . . Whatever may be the position -about the actual
possession; it appears from the decision of the · tribunal that the claim of the appellant and other _ defendant before the tribunal in 1933 was tl:!<tt they were bungais i.e. servitors; and this was also the •
view of the High Court in the appeal from the deci- sion of the tribunal where the High Court said that . . "no doubt Kesar Singh, his father and. grandfather – have been Bungais of the bunga, but there is no
· reliable evidence of their having set up a title adverse to the institution or that the nature of this bunga is . . · exceptional." Similarly'Jaswant Singh also. cfaimed · · to be a mere bungai before· the tribunal by virtue
of his father being adopted by Natha Singh who was undoubtedly a bungai. In these circumstances from the J.ecision of the tribunal. in favour of the . respondent in 1933, it appears that no hostile title
. adverse to the respondent was ever set up by the appellant and the other defendant before that deci- sion. In consequence it cannot be said that adverse possession over _12 years
has been established (i) S.U.R. before June I, 1943 when the preseBt suit was filed. As originally the possession of the appellant an<l tho other defendant was clearly permissive, there can
be no question of the application of Art. 142 in the present case and the appellant could only succeed if he could prove adverse possession under Art. 14,i for over U years. '£he deuision of the High Court
on the question of limi ta ti on is correct. Lastly, it is urge<l that the respondent had applied under s. i5A to the tribunal but allowed that suit to be dismissed for default and therefore
it was not open to him to file the present suit for possession. It is enough to say that though this point was raised in the written statement no issue was framed with respect to it by the trial court.
When the matter was raised in the High Court on the first occasion it held that as no issue had been framed and no evidence had been led by the parties as to whether the cause of action was or was not
the same and no copy of the plaint in the ear lier proceeding had been filed the question whether the present suit was barred by virtue of O.IX r. 9. of the Code of Civil Procedure could not be gone
into and it must be held that it was not barred under O. IX. r. 9. In view of what the High Court has said we are of opinion that it is not open to the appellant to raise this point before us when he had
failed to get an issue framed on it and no evidence was led in that behalf. As the appellnnt cannot challenge that the respondent is the descendant of Maharaja Sher Singh the respondent would have a right to main-
tain the suit. Further as the appellant and the other defendant are servitors and they have undoubtedly set up a title after the tlecision of the tribunal adverse to the respondent's right as found
by the tribunal, the respondent is entitled to ejeut the appellant and the other defendant, for servitors cannot claim to remain in possession after they set up an ad verse title with respect to the property of
19GI A'esar Singh v. Ba/want Singh lfanchoo J, ;.·tsar Sing.'a Ba/u:ant SinKh 1Vanrh~ J. }lo~mbtr G. ;144 SUPHEME COURT REPORTS (19li2] SUPP. which they arc servitors. In view of our decision
on issue No. li, it is unnecessary to consider issull No. 2 on which a finding was called for by this Court by ita interlocutory judgment in 1958. The appeal therefore fails; there would be
no order as t-0 costs. Ap11eril dismissed. THE RAJAH OJ<' VIZIANAGAHA!il v. OFFICIAL RECEIVEit, VIZIANAGARAM (K. SUBBA RAO, J. c. SHAH, RAGHUHAR DAYAL and J. R MUDHOLKAR, JJ.) JV inding up-Com puny I 11Wrporaled in England-U11-
1-.uistered company-Fureign credit-Or1-l/ can prove their claims-Indian Companies Act, ]913 (VII of 1913), ss. 270 to 276. The company was incorporated in England. The com- pany took lease of certain land from the appellant. On the application of the appellant the company was being wound up as an unrcghtcrcd company. Certain foreign creditors of the company filed proofs of their claim before the official liqui- dator. The appellant objected to their claim• being entertain- ed on the ground that these liquidation proceedings were
only for the benefit of the Indian creditors, and that the foreign creditors were not entitled to prove their debts in' these proceedings. The official liquidator rejected these objections and allowed the foreign crediton to prove their claims.
Htld, that both on account of specific provisions of the Act and of the general principles, foreign creditors can prove their claims in the winding up of an unregistered company. The order of winding up of an unrcgiitercd company
operates in favour of all the crcd.itors and of all the c_ontri- butorics of the company. There 1s no reasonable basu for depriving the foreign creditors from participa~in~ in t~e
distribution of the assets collected by the official hqu1dator m the winding up proceedings in India. All the creditors including the foreign creditors will get ratcably out of the assets of the company which have been collected.
When that company itself is wound up, all of them would be enutled to