M.P. STA TE AGRO INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LID. ANDANR. v. JAHANKHAN SEPTEMBER 5, 2007 (DR.ARIJITPASAYAT ANDD.K.JAIN,JJ.) Service Law: Punishment-Maj01: penalty-Monetary loss (o employer due to alleged. C dereliction in duty by employee-Composite penalty order consequently passed by disciplinary authority directing recovery of monetary loss from employee and stoppage of his three increments with cumulative effect-Held: Jn context of the Service Regulations, the penalty imposed was a major penalty, envisaging a regular enquiry before punishment-Since no such D procedure followed, High Court justified in holding the penalty imposed as illegal and without jurisdiction-M.P. State Agro Industries Development Corporaiion limited Service (Recruitment and Selection) Regulations, 1976. Punishment-Imposition of. by disciplinary authority-Judicial Review-Scope of
Constitution of India, 1950-Articles 226 and 227-Writjurisdiction- Exercise of. when alternative remedy available-Scope of-Discussed Constitution of India, 1950-Articles 226-Penalty order appealable in terms of the Service Regulations-Writ petition-Maintainability of-Held: F Maintainable, since the penalty order was per se illegal being violative of the principles of natural justice-M.P. State Agro Industries Development Corporation Limited Service (Recruitment and Selection) Regulations, 1976- Administrative Law-Principles of natural justice.
Respondent caused monetary loss to his employer, Appellant- G Corporation, by alleged dereliction in duty. The Managing Director of Appellant-corporation, in his capacity as the disciplinary authority, imposed penalty in form of recovery of amount equivalent to the monetary loss from Respondent as also stoppage of his three increments with cumulative effect. [2007) 9 S.C.R.
Respondent filed writ petition before High Court challenging the order passed by the disciplinary authority. High Court held that the penalty of stoppage of increments with cumulative effect was a major penalty, which could not be imposed without holding a regular departmental enquiry and accordingly set aside the order of the disciplinary authority. In appeals before this Court, it was contended by the Appellant- Corporation that under M.P. State Agro Industries Development Corporation Limited Service (Recruitment and Selection) Regulations of 1976 punishment of stoppage of increments with cumulative effect is a minor penalty and, therefore, no regular enquiry is contemplated thereunder. It was further C contended that an efficacious alternative remedy by way of an appeal being available to the Respondent in terms of the aforesaid Regulations, the High Court should not have entertained the writ petition.
Dismissing the appeals, the Court HELD:l. The power of punishment to an employee is within the discretion of the employer and ordinarily the cou~s do not interfere, unless· it is found that either the enquiry, proceedings or punishment is vitiated because of non-observance of the relevant Rules and Regulations or principles of natural justice or denial of reasonable opportunity to defend etc. or that the punishment is totally disproportionate to the proved misconduct of an E employee. (Para SJ [720-B]
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd & Anr. v. Ashok Kumar Arora, [1997] 3 SCC 72 and La/it Popli v. Canara Bank & Ors., (2003) 3 SCC S83, relied on. 2.1. A bare reading of the scheme of the M.P. State Agro Industries F Development Corporation Limited Service (Recruitment and Selection) Regulations of 1976 would show that there is a clear demarcation of quantum of punishment between the minor lapses, delinquencies and acts of misconduct It is evident that having regard to the nature of acts of omission and commission, the punishment prescribed for minor lapses, and delinqueneies,. G ostensibly not having perpetual effect, have been made non-appealable in comparison to the punishments for acts of misconduct, which include recovery of whole or a part of pecuniary loss, exceeding Rs.SO/-, caused to.the Corporation, withholding of increments for a specific period, termination of services, removal etc., which can all be characterized as major punishments. Precisely for this reason, all punishments falling in the latter category have H been made appealable. The perceptive distinction in two sets of penalties makes STATEAGROINDUS.DEVE.CORP.LID.v.JAHANKHAN
it abundantly clear that the Corporation has treated the punishments/penalties A falling in the first category as minor punishments/penalties and the acts of misconduct, falling in the second category as major penalties. However, it cannot be laid as a hard and fast rule that stoppage of increments, with or without hedge over it, is always to be treated as a major penalty, necessitating regular enquiry. It would depend on the Rules and Regulations governing the service conditions of the employee, though ordinarily, in the absence of specific B Regulations, withholding of increments with cumulative effect is treated as a major penalty because it has a perpetual effect on the entire tenure of service of the employee. (Para 8) (722-B, C, D, E)
2.2. In light of the interpretation made by this Court of the aforesaid Regulations, t.he imposition of penalty vide composite order d.ated 19th C December, 1989, directing recovery of loss of Rs.16903.41 and stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect, is a major penalty, clearly envisaging a regular enquiry before punishing the respondent. Since admittedly this procedure was not followed, the High Court was justified in coming to the conclusion that imposition of the impugned penalty without holding enquiry was illegal and without jurisdiction. (Para 9) (722-F)
3.1. There is no gainsaying that in a given case, the High Court may not entertain a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution on the ground of availability of an alternative remedy, but the said rule cannot be said to be of universal application. The rule of exclusion of writ jurisdiction due to availability of an alternative remedy is a rule of discretion and not one E of compulsion. In an appropriate case, in spite of the availability of an alternative remedy, a writ court may still exercise its discretionary jurisdiction of judicial review, in at least three contingencies, namely, (i) where the writ petition seeks enforcement of any of the fundamental rights; (ii) where there is failure of principles of natural justice or (iii) where the orders or proceedings are wholly F without jurisdiction or the vires of an Act is challenged. In these circumstances, an alternative remedy does not operate as a bar. [Para 10) (722-H; 723-A, BJ
3.2. In the instant case, though it is true that the penalty order impugned in the writ petition was appealable in terms of the aforenoted Regulations but G having coming to the conclusion that the order was per se illegal being violative of the principles of natural justice, it cannot be said that the High Court fell into an error in entertaining the writ petition filed by the respondent. (Para 11) (723-D)
Whirpool Corporation v. Registrar of Trade Marks, (1998) 8 SCC l; H ·, [2007] 9 S.C.R A Harbanslal Sahnia & Anr. v. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd & Ors., (2003) 2 SCC 107; State of HP. v. Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd, [2005) 6 SCC 499 and Sanjana M Wig v. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, {2005) 8 SCC 242, relied on.
·'\. CIVIL APP ELLA TE. JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 4041-4042 of B 2001. From the Judgment & Order dated 4.8.2003 of the High Court of Madhya j Pradesh Judicature at Jabalpur in M.P.-No. 83/1,990.
·rr . Sudhir Kulshreshtha for the Appellants. G _,. ·–· Raviridra Shrivastava, Rajul Srivastava, Akash Srivastava and Arun Kumar Beriwal for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
D.K. JAIN, J. Leave granted. I. The M.P. State Agro Industries Development Corporat~on (hereinafter referred to as 'the Corporation') has preferred these appeals, questioning the correctness of the two orders dated 4th August, 2003 and 19th January, f005 passed by the learned Single Judge of the High Court of Judicature at "-·'
E Jabalpur, in a writ petition filed by one of its employee~· (the respo_~dent herein), and the review application filed by the Corporation respectively. By the former order, the High Court has set aside order dated 19th.December, 1989 passed by the Managing Director, in his capacity as the disciplinary authority of the Corporation, imposing a penalty on the -respondent in the F form of recovery of an amount equivalent to the monetary loss suffered by the Corporation and stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect. By the latter order, the High Court has dismissed the application for review filed by the Corporation.
2. A few material facts, giving rise to the appeals, are as follows: While working as the Branch Manager of the Corporation at its Satna Branch, the respondent entered into an agreement for letting ,out some machinery belonging to the Corporation, to one M/s. Universal Construction Company. It was alleged that the respondent failed to recover the rent/ charges under the said agreement and thereby caused loss to the Corporation. H Consequently, a notice was issued to the respondent to show 'cause as to STAIBAGROINDUS.DEVE.CORP.LTD.v.JAHANKHAN[D.K.JAIN,J.] 719
why the loss of Rs.16,903.41 caused to the Corporation due to dereliction of A duty on account of non-recovery of the estimated amount of rent and the interest be not recovered from him and a penalty of stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect be not imposed. In his reply to the show cause notice, the respondent, inter alia, stated that since he had been transferred from the said Branch and his successor had not taken any steps to recover rent etc. from the said Company, he was not responsible for the B loss caused to the Corporation. The disciplinary authority, found the explanation to be unsatisfactory. He observed that the respondent had let out the machinery contrary to the instructions from the Headquarters as a result whereof the Corporation had suffered financial loss of the aforesaid amount. Accordingly, vide a composite order dated 19th December, 1989, he directed C the recovery of Rs.16,903.41 from the salary of the respondent at 20% per month and stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect. 3. Being aggrieved, the respondent challenged the order by way of a writ petition filed under Articles 226/227 of the Constitution mainly on the ground that the penalty of stoppage of three increments with cumulative D effect being a major penalty, it could not be imposed without holding a regular departmental enquiry as per the procedure laid down for imposition of a major penalty. The plea found favour with the High Court. The High Court was of the view that as per the Rules/Regulations, the stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect was a major penalty .and, therefore, could not be imposed without holding a proper enquiry. Accordingly, the order passed by E the disciplinary authority was quashed. Nevertheless, leave was granted to the Corporation to proceed against the respondent, if so advised. Not being satisfied with the order, the Corporation moved an application for review of the said order but without any success. As noted above, both the said orders are under challenge in these appeals.
4. Learned counsel for the Corporation has submitted that under M.P. State Agro Industries Development Corporation Limited Service (Recruitment and Selection) Regulations of 1976 (for short 'the Regulations'), punishment of stoppage of increments with cumulative effect is a minor penalty and, therefore, no regular enquiry is contemplated thereunder. It is contended that G the High Court, lost sight of the relevant Regulations and going by the general notions, without referring to any other statutory provision, has erred in holding that the penalty imposed on the respondent was a major penalty. Learned counsel has also urged that an efficacious alternative remedy by way of an appeal being available to the respondent, the High Court should not H c20011 9 s.c.R.
A have entertained the writ petition. s~ It is trite that the power of punishment to an employee is within the discretion of the employer and ordinarily the courts do not interfere, unless it is.found that either the enquiry, proceedings or punishment is vitiated because of non-observance of the relevant Rules and Regulations or principles B of natural justice or denial of reasonable opportunity to defend etc. or that the punishment is totally disproportionate to the proved misconduct of an employee. All these principles have been highlighted in Indian Oil Corporation .Ltd & Anr. v. Ashok Kumar Arora' and La/it Popli v. Canara Bank & Ors.1· 6. Thus, the short question that arises for consideration is whether in C the context of the Regulations ·governing the service conditions of the respondent, the recovery of the aforementioned amount and stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect is a major penalty and if so, the order of punishment is vitiated on any of the grounds noted above, warranting interference by the Court?
7. The Regulatfons relevant for the purpose of the instant case are as under: "If the Managing Director is satisfied about.the· charges levied, he shall grant a personal hearing to the employee concerned, and if necessary, take oral examination of the witnesses named by the employee in his reply before taking a final decision.
An appeal shall (a) Against orders of the Managing Director to the·Chairman. (b) Against the order of the Chairman to the Board. (c) An aggrieved employee shall have a right to appeal provided it is preferred within 30 days of the receipt of the order against which the appeal is preferred. The appellate authority (except Board) shall decide the case within, 2 months from the date of the receipt of the appeal.
The following punishments may be awarded for good and sufficient reasons, including breaches of any rules of conduct or for committing 1. (1997) J sec n H 2. (2003) J sec ssJ r STA TEAGROINDUS.DEVE. CORP.LTD. v. JAHANKHAN[D.K.JAIN,J.J 721 any of the offences mentioned in the Schedule according to gravity A of each case:-
"Class of Punishment Appealable or misconduct Non-appealable Minor Lapses (a) Warning and (b) Reprimand Non-appealable delinquencies ( c) Fine upto Non-appealable I/10th of pay ifthe amount is not
more than Rs. 5/- ( d) Recovery from pay of whole or part Non-appeal able c of pecuniary loss caused to the corporation by negligence or breach of orders if within Rs. 50/- Acts of
(a) Recovery Appealable misconduct from pay of whole or part of pecuniary loss caused to the corporation by negligence or breach of orders if within Rs.50/- (b) withholding Appealable
increment for specific period (c) stoppage of Appealable promotion ( d) reduction to a lower Appealable post or lower level pay ( e) termination of service Appealable (f) removal Appealable
,;,( (g) discharge Appealable (h) dismissal Appealable (i) disqualifying Appealable" the incumbent from 7'2:2. any employment in the Agro Ind. Corpn. …. ~ t [2007) 9 S.C.R. 8. A bare reading of the scheme of the afore-extracted Regul-;tlo~s would show that there is a clear demarcation of quantum of punishrrl~~t between the minor lapses, delinquencies and acts' of misconduct. It is-evldent B that having regard to the nature of acts· of omission and commissio~~ the punishment prescribed for minor lapses, and delinquencies, ostensibly. not having perpetual effect, have been made non-appealable in comparison to the punishments for acts of misconduct, which include recovery of whole or a part of pecuniary loss, exceeding Rs.SO/-, caused to the Corporation, withholding of increments for a specific period, termination of services, removal C etc., which can all b_e characterized as major punishments. Precisely for: this reason, all punishments falling in the latter category have been made appealable. The perceptive distinction in two sets of penalties, in our view, makes it abundantly clear that the Corporation has treated the punishments/ penalties falling in the first category as minor punishments/penalties and the D acts of misconduct, falling in the second category as major penalties. We may, however, hasten to add that it cannot be laid as a hard and fast rule that stoppage of increments, with or without hedge over it, is always to be treated as a major penalty, necessitating regular enquiry. It would depend on the Rules and Regulations governing the service ·conditions of the employee, though ordinarily, in the absence -of specific Regulations, withholding of E increments with cumulative effect is treated as a major penalty because it has a perpetual effect on the entire tenure of service of the employee. 9. Be that as it may, we are of the opinion that in the light of our interpretation ~f the aforenoted Regulations, the imposition of penalty vide F composite order dated 19th December, 1989, directing recovery of loss of Rs.16903.41 and stoppage of three increments with cumulative effect, is a major penalty, clearly envisaging a regular enquiry before punishing the respondent. Since admittedly this procedure was not followed, the High Court was justified in coming to the conc_Jusion that imposition of the impugned penalty without holding enquiry was 111egal and without jurisdiction. IO .. Before -parting with the case, we may also deal with the submission of learned .counsel for the appellants that a remedy by way of an appeal-being available to ~he respondent, the High Court ought not to have entertained his petition filed under Articles 226!227 of the Constitution. There is no gainsaying that in a given case, the High Court may not entertain a writ petition under H Article 226 of the Constitution on the ground of availability of an alternative i-
STf'.TEAGROINDUS. DEVE. CORP.LTD. v.JAHANKHAN[D.KJAIN,J.] 723 remedy, but the said rule cannot be said to be of universal application. The A rule of exclusion of writ jurisdiction due to availability of an alternative remedy is a rule of discretion and not one of compulsion. In an appropriate case, in spite of the availability of an alternative remedy, a writ court may still exercise its discretionary jurisdiction of judicial review, in at least three contingencies, namely, (i) where the writ petition seeks enforcement of any of the fundamental rights; (ii) where there is failure of principles of natural B justice or (iii) where the orders or proceedings are wholly without jurisdiction or the vires of an Act is challenged. In these circumstances, an alternative remedy does not operate as a bar. (See: Whirpool Corporation v. Registrar of Trade Marks1, Harbanslal Sahnia & Anr. v. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd & Ors. 4, State of HP. v. Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd' and Sanjana M Wig C v. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation ltd. 6 ).
11. In the instant case, though it is true that the penalty order impugned in the writ petition was appealable in terms of the aforenoted Regulations but having coming to the conclusion that the order was per se illegal being violative of the principles of natural justice, it cannot be said that the High D Court fell into an error in entertaining the writ petition filed by the respondent. 12. For the foregoing reasons, the appeals are devoid of any merit and consequently the same deserve to be dismissed, which we hereby do, leaving the parties to bear their own costs.
B.B.B. Appeals dismissed. 3. (1998) s sec 1. 4. (2003) 2 sec 107. 5. (2005) 6 sec 499. 6. (2005) s sec 242.