S.C.R. MAHANT PRAGDASJI GURU BHAGW ANDASJI v. M11rcll 7. PATEL ISHW ARLALBHAI NARSIBHAI AND OTHERS [SAIYID FAZL Au, MuKHERJEA and V1vIAN BosE JJ]. Civil Procedure Code (Act V of 1908) s. 92-Religious trust- Allegation of breach of trust not made out-Direction for adminis- tration of trust not sought-Decree declaring existence of public trust -Whether legal and proper-Nature of suit under s. 92.
In a suit under sec. 92 of the Civil Procedure Code alleging that the defendant had been guilty of misconduct and breach of trust as Mahant and praying, inter alia, that the temple and pro-
perties in suit be declared as a religious and charitable trust and the defendant be removed from the Gadi and a suitable succes- sor appointed in his place, the District Judge and the High Court held
concurrently that the defendant was not guilty of mis- conduct or breach of trust and dismissed the suit, but made a declaration to the effect that the temple and properties in the
possession of defendant belonged to a public trust of a 1eligious and charitable character : Held, that a suit under sec. 92, Civil Procedure Code, is a suit of a special character which presupposes the existence of a public trust of a religious or charitable character and it can pro- ceed only when there is a breach of such trust or directions from the Court are necessary for the
administration thereof and it must pray for one or other of the reliefs that are specifically mentioned in the section; and therefore as the Courts found concurrently that the allegations of breach
of trust were not made out and no direction of the Court for proper administra- tion of trust was sought, the very foundation of a suit under sec. 92, Civil Procedure Code, became wanting
and the plaint- iffs had no cause of action for their suit; and in the circumstances the declaration of the High Court about the existence of a public trust was inconsequential and was no more than an obiter dictum and such declaration must be deleted from the decree dismissing the suit.
CIVIL APPELLATE JuRisorcrroN : Civil Appeal No. 99 of 1951. Appeal from a Judgment and Decree of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay (Stone C. J. and Dixit J.) dated 14th July, 1947, in First Appeal
No. 128 of 1943 affirming a decree dated 14th October, 1942, of the Court of the District Judge of Kaira at Nadiad in Civil Suit No. 15 of 1928. '1952 · Mahant Pragt!asii Guru Bhagwant!asji
v. Patd lshwarlalbhai Narsibhai and Others. Mufther}ea /. [1952] Daphtary (N. C. Shah, with him) for the appellant. Rajani Patel for the respondent. 1952. March 7. The judgment of
the Court was delivered by MuKHERJEA J.-This appeal is on behalf of the defendant and it arises out of a suit, under section 92 of the Civil Procedure Code, commenced by the plaintiffs who were originally nine in number in the
court of the District Judge of Kaira at Nadiad. Out of the nine plaintiffs, only one is surviving, and he is now the sole respondent in this appeal, all the rest having · died pending this
protected litigation, which began as early as the year 1928. The case of the plaintiffs, in substance, was that Qne Kuberdas, who was a religious teacher and a holy man founded a cult known as Kaivalya or Karuna-
~agar Panth, the principal tenet of which is that the realization of the Infinite is possible only through the medium of a Guru or spiritual preceptor. Kuberdas · received money and lands from his followers and disci-
ples and with this fund he built a temple at Sarsa. Kuberdas by will appointed his principal disciple· . Narayandas to succeed him on the Gadi and Narayan- das built another and a
bigger temple wherein he installed an image of Kuberpas, with the images of two staff bearers on two sides. The Mahants after Narayandas were Baldevdas, Bhagwandas and Prag- dasji, who is the defendant in the suit and each one
of them was appointed by a will executed by his predecessor. The defendant, it is alleged, had been acting in a manner contrary to the usages of the insti- tution and was guilty of incontinence,
mismanage- ment and improper alienation of trust properties. On these allegations the plaintiffs prayed that : ( 1) the properties described in the schedule to the plaint as well as other
properties under the manage- . ment of the defendant be declared to be religious and charitable trust properties of the Kaivalya or Karuna- sagar Panth ; S.C.R. (2) the defendant be removed
from the Gadi and possession of the properties and a suitable successor appointed in his place; (3) the defendant be called upon to render accounts for the period of his management; and
( 4) a scheme might be framed for proper manage- ment of the institution. The defendant 'in his written statement traversed all the material allegations m the plaint and contended
inter alia ,that the suit was not maintainable inasmuch •s no public trust of a religious and charitable charac- ter existed m respect to the suit properties which were the private properties of the defendant himself.
On these pleadings, a number of issues were framed by the District Judge, of which the two following were tried as preliminary issues, vzz., (1) Whether the temple and the properties in suit
-.re public charitable properties? and (2) if not, whether this court has jurisdiction to try the suit? By his judgment dated the 18th of July, 1935, the District Judge decided both these issues against the
plaintiffs and dismissed the suit. Against this deci- sion the plaintiffs took an appeal to the High Court of Bombay. The learned Judges of the High Court, who heard the appeal, took!
the view that the -0wnership of the suit properties was so restricted by the obligation to maintain the institution for purposes ·which only could be described as public charitable
purposes, that the suit must be regarded as one coming within section 92, Civil Procedure Code. The result was that the judgment of the trial court was reversed . <Uld the case was remanded to that court in order that
it might be heard and disposed of on its merits. The · judgment of the High Court is dated 24th of January, 1938. Being aggrieved by this order, the defendant prayed · for leave to appeal to the Judicial Committee, but this
application was refused. He thereupon filed a petition before the Privy Council, praying for special leave. Mahant Pr11gdflsji Guru Bhazwcmdasji v. Patel Ishwnrlalbhai Narsibhai and Others.
Muk.herieR /. Mahanl Pragdas;i Guru Bhagwandasii v. Patel lshwarlalbhai Narsibhai •nd Others. [1952] The Privy Council also refused to grant leave on the ground that the matter was still then in an interlocu-
tory stage. They, however, said specificaJ.ly that the order of refusal was without prejudice to the present- ation of a fresh petition after all the issues were determined. The case then went back to the trial
court and on the evidence adduced by the parties, the District Judge came to the conclusion that the alleg- ations of misconduct and breach oE trust made by the plaintiffs were not proved and in this view he dismiss-
ed the suit, subject to the declaration already given by the High Court that the temple and the properties in possession of the defendant were public, religious and charitable properties.
The plaintiffs filed an app~al against this decision to the High Court of Bombay and the High Court by its judgment dated 14th of July, 1947, affirmed the decision of the District
Judge and dismissed the appeal. The defendant has now come up to this court on the strength of a certificate granted by the High Court; and though formally it is an appeal against the final
decree made by the High Court on 14th of July, 1947;. in substance it challenges the propriety of the order of remand passed on 24th January, 1938, by which the High Court reversed the decree of dismissal made by
the District Judge and remanded the case, being of opinion th:it the properties in dispute did appertain tO> a public trust of a religious and charitable character_ Mr. Daphtary appearing in support of the appear
has contended before us that on the question as to whether or not a public trust existed in respect of the properties in suit, the view taken by the trial judge was right and that the decision of the High Court is
based upon a misappreciation of the evidence on the record. We have been taken through the entire evidence by the learned counsel on both sides; but having regard to the view which we propose to take in this case we
. deem it unnecessary to record any finding as to whether the properties in suit do or do not appertain to a public charitable trust. In our opinion, after the S.C.R. decision arrived at concurrently, by both the courts
below on the merits of the case, it was beyond the scope of a suit framed under section 92, Civil Proced- ure Code, to give the plaintiffs a bare declaration of this character and make it a part of tl1e decree, al-
though the suit itself was dismissed. A suit under section 92, Civil Procedure Code, is a suit of a special nature which presupposes the exist- ence of a public trust of a religious or charitable
character. Such suit can proceed only on the allegation that there is a breach of such ·trust or that directions from the court are necessary for the administration thereof, and it must pray for one or other of the reliefs
that are specifically mentioned in the section. It is only when these conditions are fulfilled that the suit has got to be brought in confirmity with the provision of section 92, Civil Procedure Code.
As was observed by the Privy Council in Abdur Rahim v. Barkftt Ali(1), a suit for declaration that certain property appertains to a religious trust may lie under the general law but
is outside the scope of section 92, Civil Procedure Code. In the case before us, the prayers made in the plaint are undoubtedly appropriate to the terms of section 92 and the suit proceeded on the footing that
the defendant, who was alleged to be the trustee in respect of a public trust, was guilty of breach of trust. The defendant denied the existence of the trust and denied further that he was guilty of misconduct or
breach of trust. The denial could not certainly oust the jurisdiction of the court, but when the courts found concurrently, on the evidence adduced by the parties, that the allegations of breach of trust were not made
out, and as it was not the case of the plaintiffs, that any direcion of the court was necessary for proper adminis- tration of the trust, the very ,foundation of a suit under section 92, Civil Procedure Code, became wanting and
the plaintiffs had absolutely no cause of action for the suit they instituted. In these circumstances, the find- ing of the High Court about the existence of a public trust was wholly
inconsequential and as it was (I) (1928)55 IA.96 195Z Mahant Pragdasji Guru Bhagwandasii: v. Patel lshwarlalbhai Narsibhai and Others. Mukherjea l~ Mahant Pragdasji Guru iBhagwanda1ji
v. Patel lshwarlalhhai Nar1ibhai and Other1. [1952] unconnected with the grounds upon which the case was actually disposed of, it could not be made a part of the decree or the final order in the shape of a declaratory
relief in favour of the plaintiffs. It has been argued by the learned counsel for the respondents that even if the plaintiffs failed to prove the other allegations made in the plaint, they did succeed in proving that
the properties were public and charitable trust pro- perties-a fact which the defendant denied. In these circumstances, there was nothing wrong for the court to give the plaintiffs a lesser relief than what they
actually claimed. The reply to this is, that in a suit framed under section 92 of the Civil Procedure Code the only reliefs which the plaintiff can· claim and the court can grant are those enumerated specifically in
the different clauses of the section. A relief praying for a declaration thait the properties in suit are trust pro- perties does · not come under any of these clauses. When the defendant denies the existence of a trust, a
declaration that the trust does exist might be made as ancillary to the main relief claimed under the section if the plaintiff is held entitled to it; but when .the case of the plaintiff fails for want of a cause of action, there is no warrant for giving him a declaratory relief under
the provision of section 92, Civil Procedure Code. The finding as to the existence of a public trust in such circumstances would be no more than an obiter dictum and cannot constitute the final decision in the suit.
The result is that in our opinion the decision of the High Court should stand, but the decree and the con- cluding portion of the judgment passed by the trial court and affirmed by the High Court on appeal shall
direct a dismissal of the plaintiff's suit merely without its being made subject to any declaration as to the character of the properties. To this extent the appeal is allowed and .the final decree modified. The order for
costs made by the courts below will stand. Each party will bear his own costs in this appeal. Appeal allowed. Agent for the appellants: Ganpat Rai. Agent for the respondents: K. f. Kale.