– [2008] 16 S.C.R. 560 N.H. MUHAMMED AFRAS v. ST ATE OF KERALA (Criminal Appeal No. 1234 of 2006) NOVEMBER 25, 2008 [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, JJ.] Penal Code, 1860 – s.302 rlw s.34 – Conviction of
C accused, by courts below – Held: On facts, there· was marked contradiction between statement of witnesses and documents – Also there was unexplained delay between the time the FIR was lodged and the time special report reached the Court – Prosecution failed to establish the accusations ,….. Conviction o set aside.
Investigation – Mode of – When unidentified body is brought to the hospital and when a known person's body is brought – Held: Mode of investigation is different in the two situations.
According to the prosecution, the victim was stabbed to death by three accused. PW1 allegedly witnessed the incident in the headlight of his scooter. Two of the accused were convicted by the trial court under s.302 r/
F w s.34 IPC. The appeals filed by the convicts were dismissed by the High Court. In the instant appeal, the appellants challenged their conviction contending that the evidence of PW1 was not
G acceptable and that there was unexplained delay of 15 hours between the time the FIR w~s lodged and the time the special report reached the Court. Allowing the appeals, the Court
N.H. MUHAMMED AFRAS v. STATE OF KERALA HELD: 1.1. There are sever~I factors which corrode the credibility of the prosec"tion v.ersion. Firstly, the combined effect of the .~vidence of PW 4, (police
constable) Ext.C1 and the e.vidence of .P.W17 (Investigating Offi!=~r) and PWs.1 and 3 is that there ,is marked contradiction b.etween the statements .of the 1 B witnesses and the documents. If in Ext. C1 it was stated
that an unidentified body was brought to the hospital, it is not explained as to how and why PW 4 did not tell the doctor that the identity was known. The modes of investigation of the police would be in different directions c if an unidentified body is brought and when a known ·
person's body is brought. It is strange that PW 4 who is supposed to have known the name of the deceased from PWs 1 and 3 chose not to tell the name of the deceased to the Doctor. Further PW 17's statement is full of 0
contradictions. Initially he denied to have received Exh.C1, but later on he accepted to have received the same. Even thereafter he did not offer any explanation as to how and why it was stated in the Doctor's intimation ·
that an unidentified body was brought. This could have been clarified had the doctor been examined. For reasons known to the prosecution, he was not examined as a witness. [Para 5) [565-B-F]
1.2. Though the High Court noted that there was no dispute that the FIR was lodged at 10.45 PM, that is factually incorrect. In fact from the very beginning the accused persons have been taking the stand that the FIR
was not lodged at 10.45 PM as claimed, otherwise special report would not have reached the Court which is· situated at a distance of 250 yards after about 15 hours. G No explanation has been offered as to why this delay had
occurred. Had any explanation been offered by the prosecution the Court could have considered acceptability or otherwise of the explanation. That has not been done. Though ignorance of PW1- about the scooter
· A number, model and other relevant factors may not in all ·cases· ·be suspicious circumstance,. but iri·the present ·case this· assumes·' importance.· Hence, the inevitable conclusion is that prosecution has faiied-to establish the accusations, and appellants are' entitled tcvacquittal.
'B [Paras 5' and 6] ·[56S-F-H; 566-A~B] . ' . ' ' · CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal f No. 01234- of 2006 … _ From the Judgment and Order dated 4.4.2006 of the. High
C Cpurt of Kerala at Ernakulam in Crl. A No. 413 of 2006. M. Karpaga Vinayagam, K.P. Kylasanatha Pillay, Ch. Leela SarVeswar, A Venayagam Balan and G. Ramakrishna Pra·s_ad _for the Appellant. .· · · '
·· · . R. Sathish and George K. Jose for the Respondent. The J_udgment of the Court was delivered by DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.' 1.'Challenge in these appeals E is to the judgm_ent of a Division Bench of the Kerala High ·court dispo-sing of two separate appeals by a common order. The
two appeals were filed by the present appella~ts who fa.ced trial for commission of offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of'the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (iri short the F 'IPC'): They were found guilty and convicted-by learned
Sessions Judge Kasaragod. . 2 .. Background facts in a nutshell are as follows: , Babu (PW 1) on 3.9.1996 at about 9.30 pm (;losedhis G BaRery shop:arid proceeded towards his house in his scooter. When he reached near B.Ed Centre, Nellikkunnu, he saw a
person. lyillg on. the roa~ a,n·d three persons w~re standing near him and among the-three'per~9.ns, two persons, namely Ashraf (A1) & Afras (A2)', 'stabbe9 the person ly!ng o·n Jhe road with H knife. He saw .the incident with the help of the' H~a·d t.ighf 6f N.H. MUHAMMED AFRAS v. STATE OF KERALA
·563 [DR ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.] his scooter. He was able to identify that the persons were Ashraf (Al) & Afras (A2). When they saw PW 1, they·ran away from the place of occurrence . Immediately he went bthe shop of
Ganghadharan, PW3, aJocal councillor and informed this to him. Both of them came to the scene of occurrence. PW3 was able to identify the person lying and told PW1 that he was one
JayachaQdran known to him. Since. the police picket was t posted near the place of occurrence, as there were frequent communal clashes, PW3 went to the police picket post and informed them of the incident and then PW4 the polic.e officer and others came to the scene of incident and took the injured c to the Kasargod TallJk Hospital along with PW3. The·Ooctor at the hospital examined the injured and declared him .dead;
Thereafter, PW1 went to the Kasargod Police Station and lodged the complaint Ex.Pl. A case was registered by Inspector of Police (PW17) as Crime No.606 of 1996 for offence under D Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC at 10.45 pm on 3.9.1996 against two known (Al & A2) and one unknown person, On
4.9.1996, PW17 conducted inquest and· prepared inquest report (Ex.P13). On 4.9.1996 doctor (PW15) conducted post mortem and issued postmortem certificate Ex.P9. On 12.9.1996 A1 & A2 were arrested by PW 17. M.O. 1 knife was recovered from A 1. After completion of investigation charge sheet was filed on 7.4.1997 for the offence under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC against both the accused. On behalf of the prosecution PWs 1 to 17 were examined Ex.P 1 to P 16 were marked. The accused were questioned under Section
313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (in short 'Cr.P.C:'). They denied the allegations. On.their behalf DW1, the SHO was examined ana Ex.01 and Ex.04 were marked. Cl Court Exhibit was also ·marked.
After completion of investigation, charge sheet was filed. ~ …. As the accused persons pleaded innocence, trial was held. As noted above, the prosecution based its version primarily rested on the evidence of Babu-PW1. The appellants highlighted
before the trial court that the evidence of PW1 is not believable. l A It is highly improbable that he would identify two persons in the r- light of the scooter with whom he was not acquainted. If the }—-
names of the accused persons were known to the witnesses, more particularly, the police constable who is supposed to have accompanied the deceased, he would have certainly not stated B that the deceased ·had suffered injuries at the hands of unidentified persons. There was considerable unexplained
delay in dispatch of the special report. The distance from the i police station to the Court is hardly 250 yards but the report t: was received after more than 24 hours after the FIR was
c purportedly lodged. The trial court referred to all the aspects to hold that they were all of no substance. In appeal the stand was reiterated but the High Court by the impugned judgment rejected the same.
3. In support ofthe appeal learned counsel for the appellant k D submitted that the fate of the case depends only on the acceptability of PW1 's evidence. It is stated that according to t-.
the prosecution, the earliest document is Ex. P1. The complaint ,___ r- is stated to have been given by PW 1. As per Exh. P1 Jayachandran was stabbed to death by Ashraf and another
E man. In his statement under Section 161 Cr.P.C. which was referred to bring out the contradictions, it was stated that two persons were standing near the person who was lying on the road and were stabbing him and they were A 1 & A2. He
admitted to have stated earlier that he had actually seen two F persons. In his evidence in court he stated that he had seen three persons· assaulting the person lying on the road and it was -t
A 1 who stabbed the victim and A2 who beat with stick. The trial court disbelieved PW 1 's evidence with reference to the role of A2 beating the deceased and the witness with the stick. PW G 17 the investigating Officer initially denied to have seen the intimation ofthe doctor (Ex. C1), but later on admitted that he had received it. He also accepted that in the said Exh. C1 it _,..
.:….. was clearly stated that -at 10 PM an unidentified body was produced by the police. In view of this position, statement of H PWs. 1 &3 that they had informed PW4 about the identity of the N.H. MUHAMMED AFRAS v. STATE OF KERALA
[DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.] deceased cannot be said to be true. A.dded to that there has been unexplained delay of considerable time gap between the time when the FIR was supposedly lodged and the time it
reached the court at a short distance of 250 yards. 4. Learned counsel for the State on the other hand ,._ supported the judgment of the High Court. 5. There are several factors which, as rightly contented by learned counsel for the appellant, corrode the credibility of the prosecution version. Firstly, the combined effect of the evidence of PW 4, Exh.C1 and the evidence of PW17 and PWs. 1&3 is c that there is marked contradiction between the statements of the witnesses and the documents. If in Exh. C1 it was stated that an unidentified body was brought to the hospital, it is not explained as to how and why PW 4 the police constable did
not tell the doctor that the identity was known. The modes of D investigation of the police would be in different directions if an unidentified body is brought and when a known person's body is brought. It is strange that PW 4 who is supposed to have known the name of the deceased from PWs 1 &3 chose not to
tell the name of the deceased to the Doctor. Further PW 17's statement is full of contradictions. Initially he denied to have received Exh.C1, but later on he accepted to have received the same. Even thereafter he did not offer any explanation as to how and why it was stated in the Doctor's intimation that an . unidentified body was brought. This could have been clarified had the doctor being examined. For reasons known to the
prosecution, he was not examined as a witness. Though the High Court noted that there was no dispute that the FIR was lodged at 10.45 PM, that is factually incorrect. In fact from the very beginning the accused persons have been taking the stand ……
that the FIR was not lodged at 10.45 PM as claimed, otherwise it would not have reached the Court which is situated at a distance of 250 yards after about 15 hours. No explanation has been offered as to why this delay had occurred. Had any
explanation been offered by the prosecution the Court could A have considered acceptability or otherwise of the explanation~ That.has not been done. Though ignorance of PW1 about the
scooter number, model and othe.r relevant factors may not in all cases be suspicious circumstances, .but in the present case this assumes' importance. . 6. Above being the position, the inevitable conclusion is that prosecution has failed to establish the accusations, and. appellants are entitled to acquittal which we. direct. The appellants be released forthwith from custody unless required C . to be in custody in any other case. The appeal is allowed .. 8.8.B.
Appeals allowed. t r-,_