Paragraph numbers below are the court’s original numbering, recovered from the source text.
PRALHAD LALCHAND CHA VAN v. IQBAL HUSSAIN INAYAT HUSSAIN BADRI JULY 26, 1996 [S.C. AGRAWAL AND G.T. NANA VAT! JJ.) Rent Control and Eviction : Celllral Provinces and Berar Regulation of Le/ling of Accommodation Act, 1946—Sec. 2-Central Provinces and Bei·ar Le/ling of-Houses and Rent C Colllrol Orde1; 1969—Clauses 13(1), 13(3)(vi}-Order granting pennission to give notice of tennination becomingfinal-Subseque/l/ suit for eviction-Held, a tenant is precluded from res01ting to subsequent events after grant of pennission by the Rent Controller.
Transfer of Property Act 1882-Section 106—Suit for eviction after D tennination of tenancy-The protection of consideration of subsequent events in the Rent control proceedings-Held, cannot be available in a suit for eviction which is a separate proceeding.
The Appellant landlord applied to the Rent Controller for grant of permission to issue a notice of termination of lease to the Respondent under clause 13(3) (iv & vi) of the Central Provinces and Berar Regulation of Letting of Houses & Rent Control Order, 1969. The Appellant filed the application on the ground that he needs the house for his bonofide residence. The said application was rejected by the Rent Controller and Appeal filed by the Appellant before the.Rent Control Appellate Authority was allowed and necessary permission to issue notice terminating the lease was granted under clause 13(3) (vi) of the Rent Control Order 1969. A writ petition filed by the Respondent against the aforesaid order was dismissed; so also the review filed by him. The Letter Patent Appeal filed by the Respondent was dismissed and the S.L.P. filed against the same was also G dismissed. Meanwhile, the Appellant issued a notice terminating the lease under section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act terminating the lease of the Respondent and asking him to hand over vacant possession of the premises.
Since the Respondent failed to deliver possession, the Appellant filed a Civil Suit for eviction. The Suit was decreed by the Civil Judge and. the Respondent was directed to vacate the premises and hand over vacant H possession to the Appellant. The Appeal against the same was dismissed by the District Judge. Thereafter, in a Civil Revision Application filed by the Respondent, the High Court or Bombay held that while deciding 1the appeal the Appellate Court failed to consider the subsec1uent events name- ly that during the pendency or the litigation, the Appellant had purchased B another house and had stared residing there and thereby the requirement or the Appellant was fulfilled. The High Court allowed the Revision Peti- tion and remanded the matter to the Addi. District Judge with a direction to consider the subsequent events and adjudicate the matter accordingly. On an Appeal filed before this Court, it was contended by the Appellant that the scheme or the Rent Control Order is that the protection against eviction that is available to the tenant under clause 13 or the Rent Control Order whereby the landlord is required to obtain the permission or the Rent Controller before issuing a notice terminating the tenancy and such permission can be granted only on a ground mentioned in clause 13(3) or the Rent Control Order, that the Order or the Rent Controller granting permission under clause 13 can be challenged before the Rent Control Appellate Authority in Appeal under clause 21(3) and that no further appeal, revision or application for review lies from the decision of the Appellate Authority to any other Authority whatsoever, that under section 7 or the Act or 1946 the Jurisdiction or the Civil Court is barred in respect or any order passed by an Officer or Authority under an order made under section 2 or the Act and therefore, the order granting permiis- sion under clause 13 is not open to challenge before the Civil Court; and that the order granting permission by the Rent Controller has become final and a party cannot be permitted to go behind the order granting permission and to re agitate the question whether the Appellant is entitled to seek eviction or the Respondent from the premises on the ground that he needs the premises for the purpose or his bonafide residence.
The Respondent contended that grant or permission to the landlotd to issue a notice terminating the tenancy under clause 13(3) of the Rent Control Order does not preclude the tenant from showing that in view of' the subsequent events that have occurred after the grant or such permis- sion, the need or the landlord for the premises no longer subsists and he is not entitled to seek eviction or the tenant; that the object underlined in the protection against eviction given to the tenants under clause 13 of the Re10t Control Order entitles the tenant an opportunity to rely upon subsequent P.L.CHAYANv. IQBAL HUSSAIN !NAY AT HUSSAIN BADRI
events occurring after the grant of permission and would not be in con- sonance with a decision of this Court. The Respondent further contended that in suit for eviction and in Appeal or Revision in that suit it is permis- sible for the tenant to point out that a decree for eviction cannot be passed in favour of the landlord in view of the event that has occurred subsequent to the grant of permission under clause 13 and that the Court dealing with the suit or appeal/revision is obliged to take into account such subsequent event.
Allowing the appeal, this Court. HELD :
1. The High Court was in error in holding that the Lower Appellate Court was obliged to take into account the subsequent events regarding the purchase of alternative accommodation by the Appellant and in setting aside the Judgment of the Addi. District Judge and remanding the matter for reconsideration to the said Court since it was not pern1is- sible in a proceeding arising out of a suit for eviction to take into account c
the subsequent events having a bearing on order granting permission D under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order on the ground of bonafide need of the Appellant, the said judgment of the High Court cannot be upheld and has to be set aside. [142-F-H]
2. By clause 13 of the Rent Control Order a bar is placed on the right of the landlord to terminate the tenancy of the tenant by requiring him to E obtain the necessary permission in that regard from the Rent Controller and such permission can be granted only if any of the grounds specified in sub clause 3 of clause 13 is made out. [139·C-D]
3. Having regard to the fact that the protection available under clause F 13 of the Rent Control Order is confined to the first proceeding, governing grant of permission to issue a notice for terminating the tenancy and the tenant having been found not entitled to such protection on account of grant of such permission under clause 13 of Rent Control Order and the said order having become final, it is not open to the tenant to re-agitate the said question in the subsequent proceeding i.e. the suit for eviction and G invoke the protection under clause 13 in the suit filed by the landlord against the tenant after the tenancy has been terminated on the basis of permission granted under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order. [140-A-C]
4. The scope of enquiry in the subsequent suit is limited to the question whether permission to issue a notice to terminate the tenancy has H SUPREME –:OURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.
A been granted under clause 13 or the Rent Control Order and if so, whether "he tenancy has been validly terminated in accordance with the provisions of section 106 or the Transfer of Property Act and the tenant has lost the right to remain in occupation of the premises let out to him. Once the decree or order has become final, the tenant is precluded from saying that in view or subsequent events the need or requirement no more existed. [140-C-D; 142·E]
R.P. Ghosh v. Pramila Bhai Ravindra Puri & Ors., (1976) Maharashtra Law Journal 828; Beni Lal (dead) by Lrs. v. State of Maharashtra & Ors., [1995] Suppl. 1 SCC 235; Hasmat Rai & Anr. v. Raghunath Prasad, [1981] 3 SCR 605 at p. 617 and D.K. Soni v. P.K. C Mukhe1jee and Others, (1988] 1 SCC 29 (32), referred to.
5. The Court observed that since the existing provision under the C.P. & Berar Act and the Rent Control Order relating to eviction or tenant requiring two proceedings not only lead to multiplicity of proceedings but D also cause nndue hardship to the parties the Bihar State legislature has to give a fresh look to the said provision and bring a law in this field in tune with other similar legislations applicable in other parts of the country. [142-H; 143-A-B]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil appeal No. 9829 of 1996. From the Judgment and Order dated 18.7.94 of the Bombay High Court in C.R.A. No 616 of 1994. V.A. Mohta, S.V. Deshpande and Pramit Saxena for the Appellant. S. Balakrishnan, S. Prasad, Kumar Parimal and R.N. Keshwani for the Respondent.
'The Judgment of the Court was delivered by S.C. AGRAWAL, J. Special Leave granted. This appeal by the landlord arises out of a suit for eviction from premises governed by the provisions of the Central Provinces and Berar Regulation of Letting of Accommodation Act, 1946 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act') and the Central Provinces and Berar Letting of Houses and H Rent Control Order, 1949 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Rent Control P.L CHA VAN'· IQBAL HUSSAIN INA YATHUSSAIN BAD RI (S.C.AGRA WAL, J.J Order').
The Rent Control Order has been made in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 2 of the Act which empowers the State Government by general or special order to provide for regulating the letting and sub-letting of any accommodation or class of accommodation whether residential or non-residential. Clause (b) of Section 2 of the Act prescribes that such order may provide for preventing the eviction of tenants or sub-tenants from such accommodation in specified circumstances. In clause 13 of the Rent Control Order provision has been made for the protection of a tenant against the eviction. The relevant parts of the said clause are reproduced below :
"13(1) No landlord shall, except with the previous written permis- sion of the Controller : (a) give notice to a tenant determining the lease or determine the lease if the lease is expressed to be determinable at his option; or D (b) where the lease is determinable by efflux of the time limited thereby require the tenant to vacate the house by process of law or otherwise if the tenant is willing to continue the lease on the same terms and conditions.
xx xx xx xx xx xx (3) If after hearing the parties the Controller i' satisfied : xx xx xx xx xx xx (iv) that the tenant has used the house or premises or any part thereof for a purpose other than that for which it was leased; or xx
xx xx xx xx xx (vi) that the landlord needs the house or a portion thereof for the purpose of his bona fide residence, provided he is not occupying G any other residential house of his own in the city or town con- cerned; or
xx xx xx xx xx xx he shall grant the landlord permission to give notice to deter- c mine the lease as required by sub-clause (l)." On April 18, 1985 the appellant submitted an application before the Rent Controller for grant of permission to issue a notice terminating the lease of the respondent. The appellant sought the permission on grounds (iv) and (vi) of sub-clause (3) of clause 13 of the Rent Control Order. The said application of the appellant was rejected by the Rent Controller by order dated December 29, 1987. The appeal filed by the appellant against the said order was allowed by the Rent Control Appellate Authority by order dated December 16, 1988 and necessary permission to issue notice terminating the lease was granted under ground (vi) of sub-clause (3) of clause 13 of the Rent Control Order, i.e., the landlord needs the house or a portion thereof for the purpose of his bona fide residence, provided he is not occupying any other residential house of his own in the city or town concerned. Feeling aggrieved by the order of the Rent Control Appellate Authority dated December 16, 1988 the respondent moved the High Court D of Bombay, Nagpur Bench, Nagpur by filing Writ Petition No. 1745of1989. The said writ petition was dismissed by the learned single Judge of the High Court by Judgment dated August 8, 1989. The petition filed for review of the said Judgment was dismissed by the learned single Judge by order dated November 29, 1990. Thereafter, the respondent filed a Letters Patent Appeal against the Judgment of the learned single Judge, which was dismissed by the Division Bench of the High Court. The petition for special leave to appeal against the judgment of the Division Bench was dismjssed by this Court. As a result the order granting permission under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order, to issue a notice terminating the lease of the respondent, became final.
In the meanwhile after passing of the order of the Rent Control Appellate Authority dated December 16, 1988 granting permission to issue a notice terminating the lease, the appellant, on March 3, 1989, issued a notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act terminating the lease of the respondent by the end of April 1989 and asking him to hand G over vacant possession of the premises on the date of termination of the lease. Since the respondent failed to comply with the said notice and did not deliver possession of the premises, the appellant, on May 2, 1989, filed a suit (Civil Suit No.100 1989) in Court of Civil Judge, Junior Division, Amravati for eviction of the respondent. The said suit of the appellant was H decreed by the Civil Judge by Judgment dated January 31, 1990 and the PL.CHA VAN, IQBALHUSSAININAYATHUSSAINBADRl(S.C.AGRAWAIJ]
respondent was directed to vacate the premises and hand over vacant A possession to the appellant. The appeal filed by the respondent against the said decree of the trial court was dismissed by the District Judge, Amravati by Judgment dated March 24, 1994. Thereafter, the respondent filed Civil Revision Application No. 616 of 1994 in the High Court which was allowed by the impugned Judgment dated July 18, 1994 on the view that while deciding the appeal the appellate court failed to consider the subsequent events namely that during the pemlency of the litigation appellant had purchased another house and had started residing there and thereby the requirement of the appellant was fulfilled. According to the High Court the landlord secured permission for his bona fide requirement, but during the pendency of the litigation especially in the eviction proceedings, sub- sequent events regarding the purchase of alternative accommodation oc- curred and that this aspect has to be taken into consideration. The High Court, therefore, while setting aside the Judgment of the Additional Dis- c
trict Judge, Amravati, has remanded the matter to the Additional District Judge with a direction to consider the subsequent events and adjudicate D the matter accordingly. Feeling aggrieved by the said judgment of the High Court the appellant has filed this appeal.
Shri V.A. Mohta, the learned senior counsel appearing for the ap- pellant, has urged that the scheme of the Rent Control Order is that the protection against eviction that is available to the tenant under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order whereby the landlord is required to obtain the permission of the Rent Controller before issuing a notice terminating the tenancy and such permission can be granted only on a ground mentioned in sub-clause 3 of clause 13 of the Rent Control Order. Shri Mohta has submitted that the order of the Rent Controller granting permission under F clause 13 can be challenged before the Rent Control Appellate Authority in appeal under Sub-clause (3) of clause 21 and that no further appeal, revision or application for review lies from the decision of the Rent Control Appellate Authority to any other authority whatsoever. Shri Mohta has pointed out that under Section 7 of the Act the Jurisdiction of civil courts G is barred in respect of any order passed by an officer or authority under an order made under Section 2 of the Act and, therefore, the order granting permission under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order is not open to challenge before the civil court.
Such an order can, however, be chal- lenged by filing a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution before the High Court. The respondent had availed the said remedy under Article H A 226 of the Constitution by filing a writ petition which petition was dismissed by the single Judge and the said judgment of the learned single Judge was affirmed in Letters Patent Appeal by the Division Bench and the petition filed for special leave to appeal against the said judgment was also dis- missed by this Court. As a result, the order granting permission under B clause 13(3)(vi) of the Rent Control Order became final and a party cannot be permitted to go behind the order granting permission and to reagitate the question whether the appellant is entitled to seek eviction of the respondent from the premises on the ground that he needs the premises for the purpose of his bona fide residence. Shri Mohta has placed reliance on the decision of the Division Bench of the High Court in R.P. Ghosh v. C Pramilabai Ravindra Puri and 01'., (1976) Maharashtra Law Journal 828, and the observations of this Court in Benita! (dead) by Lrs. v. State of Maharashtra and o,,., [1995] Suppl. 1 SCC 235.
Shri S. Balakrishnan, the learned counsel appearing for the respon- D dent, has submitted that grant of permission to the landlord to issue a notice terminating the tenancy under clause 13(3) of the Rent Control Order docs not preclude the tenant from showing that in view of the subsequent events that have occurred after the grant of such permission, the need of the landlord for the premises no longer subsists and he is not entitled to seek eviction of the tenant. Shri Balakrishnan has laid emphasis E on the object underlying the protection against eviction given to the tenants under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order and has submitted that to deny to the tenant an opportunity to rely upon subsequent events occurring after the grant of permission would not be in consonance with the decisions of this Court wherein subsequent events have been taken note by thi' Court in the context of proceedings for eviction of the tenant on the ground of bona fide need of the landlord.
A perusal of the provisions contained in clause 13 of the Rent Control Order shows that the nature of protection which has been con- ferred on the tenant under the said clause differs from the protection given G to the tenant under other similar rent control laws in other States. In most of the rent control laws in force protection against eviction is conferred on the tenant by imposing the requirement that no decree for eviction shall be passed against the tenant except on certain specified ground or no suit for eviction by the tenant would be filed except on certain specified H grounds. Such laws envisage a single judicial proceeding in which the P.L CHAV AN •c IQBALHUSSAININAYATHUSSAIN BADRI (S.CAGRA WAI., J.j landlord is required to make out a case for eviction of the tenant on the A basis of any one of the specified grounds and the decree or order for eviction passed by the civil court or the Rent Controller is subject to an appeal or revision and a further appeal or revision in the High Court.
The Rent Court Order, however, envisages two separate proceedings. One is the proceeding before the Rent Controller under clause 13 of the Rent B Control Order for grant of permission to issue a notice terminating his tenancy which order is subject to appeal before the Rent Control Appellate Authority and judicial review by the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution. In the event of grant of permission to issue the notice ter- minating the lease, the proceedings under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order are followed by a second proceeding, viz., a suit for eviction after C the landlord has terminated the tenancy by issuing a notice in accordance with the provisions of Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act. By clause 13 of the Rent Control Order a bar is placed on the right of the landlord to terminate the tenancy of the tenant by requiring him to obtain the necessary permission in that regard from the Rent Controller and such D permission can be J!ianted only if any of the grounds specified in sub-clause (3) of clause 13 is made out.
In other words under clause 13 the bar that is placed on the right of the landlord to terminate the tenancy of the tenant is lifted when permission to issue notice is granted and thereafter the landlord can proceed to terminate the tenancy in accordance with Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act and in the event of the tenant not E vacating the premises after the termination of the tenancy by such a notice, the landlord can seek the eviction of the tenant by filing a suit on the ground that the tenancy having been terminated under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act the tenant has no right to remain in occupation. In the said suit the validity of the order granting permission cannot be F assailed by the tenant in view of the bar created by Section 7 of the Act read with clause 21(3) of the Rent Control Order.
Shri Balakrishnan does not dispute that it is not open to the respon- dent to assail the correctness of the Order granting permission under G clause 13 of the Rent Control Order in the suit for eviction filed after terminating the tenancy under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act. Shri Balakrishnan has, however, stressed that in the suit for eviction and in appeal or revision in that suit it is permissible for the tenant to point out that a decree for eviction cannot be passed in favour of the landlord in view of an event that has occurred subsequent to the grant of permission H A under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order and that the court dealing "ith the suit or appeaVrevision is obliged to take into account such subsequent event. In our view this contention cannot be accepted. Having regard to the fact that the protection that is available under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order is confined to the first proceeding governing grant of c
permission to issue a notice for terminating the tenancy and the tenant having been found not entitled to such protection on account of grant of such permission under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order and the said order having become final, it is not open to the tenant to reagitate the said question in the subsequent proceeding, viz., the suit for eviction, and invoke the protection available under clause 13 in the suit filed by the landlord against the tenant after .the tenancy has been terminated on the basis of the permission granted under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order. The scope of inquiry in the subsequent suit is limited to the question whether permission lo issue a notice to terminate the tenancy has been granted under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order and if so whether the tenancy D has been validly terminated in accordance with the provisions of Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act and the tenant has lost right to remain in occupation of the premises let out to him.
In R.P. Ghosh v. Pramilabai Ravindra Puri and Others, (supra) a Division Bench of the Bombay High Court has taken the same view. In that case permission had been granted by Rent Controller to serve a notice terminating the tenancy under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order on the ground that the premises were required by the landlord for his bona fide personal occupation and an appeal against the said order had been dis- missed by the appellate authority. The landlord had issued a notice to the tenant under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act. Thereafter the original landlord died and his legal representatives filed a suit for eviction. It was urged that since the ground on which permission was granted was personal to the landlord and in view of the death of the original landlord the cause of action did not survive and the permission granted by the Rent Controller stood exhausted with the death of the original landlord and !hall G it was obligatory on the part of the legal representatives to prove their own any bona fide need independently and since it had not been done and a fresh permission had not been obtained from the Rent Controller by the legal representatives of the deceased landlord, the suit was not main- tainable.
The said contention was negatived by the Division Bench of the H High Court. The High Court held that once permission is granted under P.L. CHAY AN v. IQBALHUSSAIN !NAYATHUSSAJN BADR! (S.C. AGRA WAl, J.} clause 13 of the Rent Control Order by the Rent Controller, then the A landlord is at liberty to serve notice upon the tenant terminating his tenancy as per provisions of the Transfer of Property Act and it is the Transfer of Property Act which then applied and the provisions of the Rent Control Order do not come into play nor they could affect the question of notice to quit, its requirement or its service etc. once a valid perrr..ission from the Rent Controller is obtained. The learned Judges have said : 'The Rent Control Order only provides that such a notice cannot be given unless a written permission of Rent Controller is obtained. It does not Jay down any further condition as far as the quit notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act is concerned.
C The filing of a suit for cjectment is an independent action. The combined effect of this is that it contemplates two distinct proceed- ings, one relating to granting of a written permission by the Rent Controller to give notice to determine the lease under the provisions of the Rent Control Order and thereafter filing of a suit D for ejectment before a competent civil court after giving necessary notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act. Rent Controller or the authority constituted under the Rent Control Order has no authority or jurisdiction to eject a tenant or deliver possession of the property to the landlord. This is the p.ovince of a civil Court. The filing of the ejectment suit after giving a notice E under section 106 of the Transfer of Property act is not the continuation of the proceedings instituted before the Rent Con- troller, but it is an independent and distinct proceeding which is governed by the Code of Civil Procedure and the Transfer of Property Act." (p. 832)
p "Obviously exclusive jurisdictions is vested upon the Rent Control authorities to decide the rights of the parties arising out of the Rent Control Order. A decision of the Rent Controller in this behalf is binding upon a civil Court and it is not open for the civil Court to go behind the said order." (p. 834)
"Once it is held the decision of the Rent Controller so far as it relates to the matter within his exclusive jurisdiction is concerned, is final and could not be challenged in a suit or in any collateral proceedings, then, in our opinion, the same matter cannot be H c
reopened in a civil suit instituted by the landlord after obtaining a permission for the Rent Controller. So far as a s~it for ejectment is concerned, the cause of action is not the ground on which the permission is granted by the Rent Controller, but the termination of the tenancy of the tenant under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act. The same gives an occasion for and forms the foundation of the suit. So far as the ejectment suit is concerned, the grounds of ejectment are irrelevant. To such a suit the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code and Transfer of Property Act will apply and not the provision of the Rent Control Order." (p. 835)
We are in agreement with the said view of the High Court. It appears that the said decision was not brought to the notice of the learned Judge who decided this matter. The principle that subsequent events should be taken into account D by the court while passing a decree can have a limited application in a case like the pres~nt one involving, two independent proceedings. It would apply at the stage of the first proceeding relating to the grant of permission but would have no application after the order passed in the first proceeding has attained finality. Once the decree or order has become final the tenant is precluded from saying that in view of subsequent events the need or requirement no more existed. (See : Hasmat Rai & Anr: v. Raghunalh Prasad, (1981] 3 SCR 605, at p. 617; D.K Soni v. P.K. Muklwjee and Othai, (1988] 1 sec 29, at p. 32).
For the reasons aforementioned, we are of the view that the High Court was in error in holding that the lower appellate court was obliged to take into account the subsequent events regarding the purchase of alternative accommodation by the appellant and in setting aside the Judg- ment of the Additional District Judge and remanding the matter for reconsideration to the said Court. Since, in our opinion, it was not permis- G sible in proceedings arising out a suit for eviction to take into account the subsequent events having a bearing on order granting permission under clause 13 of the Rent Control Order on the ground of bona fide need of the appellant, the said Judgment of the High Court cannot be upheld and has to be set aside.
Before we conclude we must say that the existing provisions undeir PLCHAVAN,. IQBALHUSSAININAYATHUSSAIN BADRI (S.C.AGRAWAL,J.J the Act and the Rent Control Order relating to eviction of tenant requiring A two proceedings – one for grant of permission to issue the notice terminat- ing the tenancy lo be followed by a regular suit for eviction – not only lead to multiplicity of proceedings but also cause undue hardship to the parties. It is high time that the Legislature gives a fresh look to the said provisions and brings the law in this field in tune with other similar legislations applicable in other parts of the country.
In the result, the appeal is allowed, and Judgment of the High Court dated July 18, 1994 is set aside and, while dismissing the revision petition filed by the respondent, the Judgment and Order dated March 24, 1994 passed by the Additional District Judge, Amravati is restored. In the facts and circumstances of the case, there will be no order as to costs. V.M.
Appeal allowed.