PRASANNA KUMAR ROY KARMAKAR versus STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ORS.

PRASANNA KUMAR ROY KARMAKAR v. STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ORS. MARCH 26, 1996 [N.P. SINGH AND SUHAS C. SEN, .TJ.) Constitution of India, 1950: Anicle 226. High Coun-Wiit Jurisdiction-Private dispute between landlord and C tenant-Landlord initiating proceedings under section 144 of the Oiminal Procedure Code–Invoking wiit jwisdiction thereafte,……[)isposal of Wlit 011 the basis of police report-No proper hea1ing given to tenant–Copy of police repo1t also not given to tenant-Direction by High Court-Dislodging of tenant from disputed premises-Held w1it jwisdiction was not properly exercised by High Cowt.

Appellate Coun–Orde1' passed by-Enforcement of Maxim· ''.Acl!Js 01iiae Neminem Gravabit"–Meaning and applicability of In a private dispute between a. landlord and tenant the former initiated proceedings in the Court of Executive Magistrate under Section 144 of the Code. of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Thereafter the landlord move.d the High ~ourt under Article 226 which passed an interim order, without notice to the appellant-tenant, directing the police to file its report. F The landlord's petition was finally disposed on 30th August, 1993 on the basis of the police report. On the basis of this order, the landlord with the help of police authorities . evicted the tenant from his flat and got back possession of tenanted premises without having recourse to the usual landlord tenant proceedings before appropriate forum in accordance with G law.

The Appellate Court allowed the tenant's appeal and by its order dated October 14, 1993 set aside the order of writ Court. However, even on the basis of appellate Court's order the appellant-tenant was not able to get back the possession. By its order dated 14th January, 1994 the Appel- H late Court rejected the application filed by tenant for relief on the ground ·i

P .K.R. KARMAKAR v. STA TE that after disposal of appeal it became ftmctus officio. The tenant preferred A appeals before this Court. Disposing the appeals, this Court HELD :

1. The \V'"it Court had exceeded its jurisidction in intervening in a private dispute. ·The scope of writ jurisdiction was lost sight of by it B . a'!d an .extraordinary situation was brought about by passing a~ improper and unjust order. It wa.s m?st unfortunate that t.he Court intervened in a. proceeding under Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code which was .· .

ad\lally being heard .and a drastic order of this nature was passed by the Court in such a manner without issuing a Rule Nisi and without any proper hearing. A procedure un~o~ to law was ~dopted for disposing of a C landlord-tenant dispute. [916-E; 914-H; 915-B-C]

i • ' t Mo/Jan Pandey & Anr. v. Usha Rani Rajgaria & Ors., AIR (1993) SC 1225, cited, :Z. As a result of the order passed by Writ Court the appellant liad · D been dispossessed by the police. Since by ~n erroneous order the appellant had been evicted from the possession of the disputed p'remises," it was the duty· of tlie lippeal court, after reversing the order of the Trial ·court, to restore the appellant back info possession; Otherwise, ·even after' succeed- ing in the .appeal, the appellant will r~main·without remedy and out· of E . possession as . a result of the order passed by the Court: Actus cliiiai neminem Gravabit ·An act of the c·ourt shall prejudice.no man, Therefore, the order passed by the appeal court on 14th January, 1994 is set.aside and the case is remanded back to appeal court which shall'conduct an enquiry ·as lo whether the appellant \\'as acttially evicted .from possession and 'if so, restore him back into the possession of the disputed premises. ·•·•

[915-H; 916'E-H; 917-B-C] ._ _. ,_ '1-' CIVIL APPELLATE .JU.RISDICTION ·: Civil Appeal Nos .. 5099-' sfoo ~r 1996. ·· · · · · ·' ' · ·· ·· • .~ .. · Frain the Juc!gment and Order tlated 14.10.93 of the Ca!Cutta High G. · Cou•t in Appeal No. Nil of 1993.

Ashok Sen and Bijan· Kumar Ghosh for the Appellant. t· ·• 'n- .-1 r,,~ , _ _, A.K. Ganguli, Somnathmukherjee; Avijit Bhattacharaya, ·Ms, Sarla. Chandra,.(NP) for the Respondent Nos. 1-~.'

. , ,,,. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by SEN, J. Special leave granted. This is an extra-ordinary case. A private dispute between a landlord and a tenant was taken up in writ jurisdiction and mandatory orders were B passed directing the State and the police authorities to allow the writ petitioner (the landlord) to have ingress and egress to and from the disputed premises. On the basis of this order, the landlord with the help of police authorities evicted the tenant from his flat. In other words, the landlord was able to get back possession of tenanted premises without C having to go through the usual landlord and tenant proceedings before appropriate forum in accordance with law.

It appears that after instituting proceeding under Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code in the Court of the Executive Magistrate, the landlord moved the High Court under its constitutional writ jurisidction. D Shyamal Kqmar Sen J. on 13th August, 1993 passed a.n order directing the Officer-in-Charge, Muchipara Police Station, to make an enquiry into the complaint dated.26th July 1993 and submit a report on 19th August, 1993. This was an er· pa1te order without any notice to the tenant. On 30th August, 1993 the writ petition was finally disposed of on the. basis of the E police report. It ,was alleged that Rabin Roy and his brother Gobinda Roy had taken forcible possession of the first floor and other portion of the premises which had not been let out to Rabin Roy. The police authorities were directed to ensure that the free egress and ingress of the landlord to and from the disputed !lat was not interfered with by the tenant. If necessary, the police authorities were directed to remove the obstruction F to such free egress and ingress. All parties including the Officer-in-Charge, Muchipara Police Station, were directed to act on a signed copy of the minutes of the order. It is not known how the proceedings under Section 144 of the Criniinal Procedure Code ended. But, as a result of the order passed by the writ court, the police evicted the tenant from the disputed G premises and the landlord was able to resume possession immediately with police help.

The scope of writ jurisdiction of the Court was lost sight of by the learned Judge and an extraordinary situation was brought about by an improper and unjust order passed without any affidavit in less than three H weeks' time. Between 13th August, 1993 and 30th August, 1993 a writ P.K.R. KARMA.KAR~. STATE [SEN, J.]

petition was moved, taken iip for hearing and fi~al1y: di~po~~d Jr:'A 1teha,;t A was dislodged from the disputed premises with police help. No proper, he~ring w~s given to the respo~dents. A. copy of the pa"lic~ report was not given to the respondents. No direction was given for filing of affidavits even to the State. There is no explanation why the proceedings were not allowed to be continued, in. the Court of:the Executive Magistrate in accordance B with law. It was most unfortunate that the Cour.t intervened in a proceeding under section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code .which was actually being heard and a drastic order of this nature was passed by the court in such a manner without issuing a Rule Nisi and without any proper hearing. A procedure unkno\vn. to law was· adopted for disposing of a landlord- tenant dispute, ·

I · ,.. .c · .1')'.' "° i What happened tht;reafter. was also very· unfortunate for the appel- lant. The appeal court on Octobter 14, 1993 passed the following order : , ''fhe Hon'ble A.M. Bhattacharjee,. the Chief JUsitice

i~ and. ··i The Hon'ble Justice N.K. Batabyal. October 14, 1993. · Pr~sanna Kr. Roy Karm~kar · • 1 v. Sta_te of West,Bengal & Ors. .. .• ~ :, '1 t' ,, ' r ,··· THE COURT heard .learned counsel for. the parties. It is .purely ~ pri~ate dispute betweeh the private.parties.' We ~re fµlly ;ati~fied ·; particularly in view of the de.cision of the .Supre~e'· Court ~eported F · in Mohan Pandey &An; v. Usha Rani Rajgwia· & Ors., AIR (1993) SC 1225, that. the ~it'petition which has given' rise to this appeal ought not to have 'been ent~rt~ined. That being so: we aliow this appeai and set aside the.o~~~r under appe;."i,

. , .. ·. .. , ., . G All parties to act' on a signed copy of the minutes of this order on the usual undertakillg.'' . "' ~, .. – ·1 i'- . ~ , ·This order, however, did not ·enable the appellant to get back pos- session. The appe'al ~ou~t lost sight of the" fact that th~ writ Co~rt had ' intervened in a pur~ly p;i~ate oispute and as a r~sult ·of its order di~ H (1996] 3 S.C.R.

appellant had been dispossessed by the police. A further application, therefore, was made to the appeal court for necessary relief. On 14th January, 1994 the appeal court passed the follow- ing order:

"The appeal has already been disposed of and we have accordingly become ftmctlis officio. This application can therefore no longer be entertained and is rejected." The two.orders passed by the appeal court on October 14, 1993 and C January 14, 1994 did not give any relief to the appellant, even though his appeal was allowed and the order under appeal was set aside. The appeal court lost sight of the fact that the appellant, who had been dispossessed by the order passed by the writ court, had to be put back in possession after setting aside the writ Court's order.

A Special Leave Petition was made against the aforesaid two orders passed by the appeal court on 14th October, 1993 and 14th January, 1994. It may be mentioned here that the· Special Leave Petition was dismissed for default, but later on restored on ari application made by the appellant. Mr. Ganguli appearing on behalf of the respondents has not tried to justify the extraordinary and unfair ex-parte orders passed. In fact, he fairly admitted that the writ court had exceeded its jurisdiction in intervening in a private dispute. He also did not seriously object to the proposition that since by an erroneous order the appellant had been evicted from the possession of the disputed premises, it was the duty of the appeal court, after reversing the order of the Trial Court, to restore the appellant back into possession. If the appellant was ejected from the disputed premises with police help pursuant to the order which was set aside, the possession should have been restored to him with police help, if necessary. Otherwise, even after succeeding in the appeal, the appellant will remain without remedy and out of possession as a result of the order passed by the Trial G Court. Act us curiae neminem gravabit – An acr of the Court shall prejudice no man. It was the duty of the Appeal Court to restore status quo ante to passing of the order on 30th August, 1993.

Mr. Ganguli has, however, contended that the appeal is being con- ducted in tho name of the appellant, who is not an interested party any H more. Mr. Sen appearing on behalf of the appellant has seriously disputed -t

P.K.R. KARMAKAR v. STATE [SEN, J.) this proposition. We are not inclined to go into_ this ,controversy at this A stage. If the appellant has been dispossessed.by cou_rt_order which has been reversed by the court of ~ppeal, as is the p~sition in thls case: his possession must be restored.

.-:: . In view of the aforesaid, the order passed by the appeal court dated · 14th January, 1994 is set aside and we remand the case back to the appeal B _court. '.fhe appeal court will direct an enquiry as to whether Prasanna Kumar Roy Karmakar ~as the person who was actuaily evicted from possession on the strength of the order passed on 30.8.1993 and, if so, restore Prasanna Kumar Roy Karmakar back into .the possession of the disputed premises. Before passing any order the Court must satisfy itself C as to the true identity and the wish of the appellant, Prasanna Kumar Roy Karmakar.,If-necessary, the.Court will direct.Prasanna Kuinar Roy Kar- makar to _be personally present in the Court:

-The appeal court will be at liberty .to pass such order in the interest of justice as it thinks fit after ascertaining the facts and in accordance with D i law. The responden\s, who were the writ petitioners in this -case, .will pay costs assessed at Rs. 1,000 to the appellant.

T.N.A. Appeal disposed of . . ~,: ….. ' .; .. …. .)• – .._, -._. … j'• •• ; _, … ,, . ;: •. 1,.:. : t.