If RADHYSHYAM v. SHYAM BEHARI SINGH August 12, 1970 (J, M. SHELA!' AND C. A. VAIDIALINGAM, JJ.] .783 Letters Patent-Allahabad High Court-Clause 10-Jf mder on Appli• rntiun under Order 21 r. 90 C.P.C. is a 'Judgement'.
Civu Procedur< Code, 1908, Order X Jr/, mies 69, 90-Material i•·regularity in auction safe-What is. After the respondent had obtained a decree for about Rs. 9,000 agJ.inst the appellant, the appellant's
share in a house was put up for ~ale in execution proceedings initiated by him and a proclamation setting out the date and hour for the sale was issued. But the sale was postponed at the instance of the appellant. At the auction sale held oa the adjourned <hte the respondent purchased the appellant's share for Rs. 8,000/-. The appellant thereafter filed an application for setting aside the sale under Order XX!, r.90 C.P.C, on the ground that contrary to the prO\isions of r.69 the notice relating to the adjourned sale did not set out the ho_ur when the auction would be held and that this omission was a material irregularity which vitiated the sale. Although the application was rejected by the Execution Court, a single judge of the High Court upheld the
appellant's objection holding that the failure to set out the hour amounted to a material irreguarity .. However, a Division Bench in an appeal under clause JO of the Letters Patent C'f the Allahabad High Court reversed the _order.
In appeal to this Court it was cont~nded (i) that tht! order of th: single judge was not a 'judgment' within the meaning of cl. I 0 of the Letters Patent and hence no Letters Patent appeal could be
filed thereunder; and (ii) that the sale suffered fron1 a material irregularity whict~ caused substantial injury to the appellant and was therefore liable to be set aside. HELD : Dismissing the appeal,
(i) An order in a proceeding under 0.XXI. r.90 is a •judgment' inasmuch as such a proceeding raises a controversy between the parties therein affecting their valuabk rights a11d the order allowing the applica- tion ct:rtainly deprives the purchaser of rights accrued to him as a result d the auction-sale.
The High Court was therefore right in holding that a bLetters Patent appeal law agamst the order of the sin~le Judge. [789 (ii) Ruic 90 of 0.XXI of the Cotte, as amended by the Allahabad Hig_h Court._ inter a/ia provides that no sale shall be set aside on the ground of 1rregulantv or even fraud unless upon the facts proved the Court jg at1sfied that the applicant has sustained injury hv reason of such irre- gularity or fraud.
Mere proof of a material irregularitv such as the one under r.69 and even inadcqua::y of price realised in such a sale, in other words. injury, is, thcr~forc, not sufficient. It has further to be sho\vn th<it
such injury was the result of material irregularity. [789 El The Division Bench of the High Court was right in holding, on the fads in the present case. that the appellant had failed lo show inadequacy [1971] 1 s.r"
of the pF-ice (Jl' that such ina<lequaGy ·\\·as o:casione<l by the saili n1aterial irregularity. l789 G] Standard Glms Beads Factory v. Shri Dhar, A.f.R. 1960 All. (F.8.); Piare Lal v. Madan Lal, A.I.R. 1917 All. 325; Muhammad Nai· 111111/ah Khan v. Jbsanu/lah Khan, (1892) 14 All. 226. (F.B.); Ram Sal'll/) v. K(1niz U1111nelu:ni, J. Y.R. ll937] AJJ, 886; Asrun1ati dehi v. Ku111ar R11pe11dra Deh Raiko!. [1953] S.C.R. 1159; Justices of the Peace for Cal· rntta v. Oriental Gas Co., 8 Beng. LR. 433; Tuliaram v. Alagappa, I.LR . .1.'> Mad. 1; Dayabhai v. Murngappa Chettiar, I.LR. 13 Rang. 457;. State v/ Uttar Pradesh v. Vijay Anand Maharaji (1963] l S.C.R. 1, Be~u111
Aftah Zamuni v. Lal Cha.IJll Khanna, I.LR. [ 1969] Delhi 34( F.B.); Sliankarlal Aggarwal v. Slwnkar la/ Poddar, [1964] I S.C.R. 717; Mohan Lal Magun Lal Thack'r v. Gujarat, [ 1968] 2 S.C.R. 685; and J arapore & Co. v. Mis. VIO Tractors Export,
Moscow, [19691 ' ~IR ?UQ· referred ~o. CIVIL APPELLATE JuR;SDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1,'if;(j nf 1966. Appeal by special leave from the juagment and ord~r dated August 22, 1961 of the Allahabad High Court in :special Appeal No. 417 of 1959.
A vadh Behari, for the appellant. Mohan Behari Lal, for the respond~nts. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Shelat, J. The respondent had obtained a decree for Rs. 9000/· and odd against the appellant. In execution proceed- ings takc.n out by him, th~ appellant's one fourth share in a house was put up for sale and a proclanrntion setting out the date and hour wllcn the sale would be held was duly issued. The sale, however, was postponed to July 30, 1956 at the instance of the appellant and on his offering to pay a part of the decreetal amount. At the auc· tion sale held on the adjourned date the respondent himself pur- chased the said one fourth share of the appellant for Rs. 8000 1 •• The appellant filed an application for setting aside that sale under Order XXI, r. 90 of the Code of Civil Procedure on the ground that contrary to the provisions of r. 69 of that Order, the notice relating to the adJourned auction sale did not set out the hour when the auction would be held though the original proclamation under which the auction sale was to be held on the earlier date specified both the hour and the date. The appellant contended that the fai- lure to mention the hour contravened Order XXI, r. 69 and that such a contravention was a material irregularity which vitiated the sale.
The objection was overruled by the Execution Court. The appellant thereupon filed an appeal in the High Court where a sin- .gle Judge upheld the objection holding that the failure to set out the hour amounted to a material irregularity, in consequence where- of the appell~mt had been prejudic~d by the sale having fetched too c
RADHEY SHYAM V. SHYAM BEHAR! (She/at, J.) low a value. On these findings the learned Judge allowed the ap- peal and set aside the auction sale. Aggrieved by the said order, the respondent filed a Letters Patent appeal under cl. 10 of the Letters.Patent of the Allahabad High Court and rule 5 of Ch. VIII or the Rules of the High Court. A Division Bench of the High Court reversed the order passed by the learned single Judge and allowed the appeal.
FolJowing the Full Bench decisi9n of that High Court in Standard Glass Beads Factory v. Shri Dhar(') the Division Bench rejected the appellant's contention that no Letters Patent appeal lay against such an order and held that the order of the learned single Judge was a 'judgment' withi11 the meaning of cl. l 0 of the Lcl!crs Patent. The Division Bench further held that even assuming that the sale suffered from a material irregularity the learned single Judge was in uror in holding that the appellant had established any prejudice to him in consequence of that irre- gularity. The order of the learned single Judge was reversed and the said sale was upheld. On the High Court refusing a certificate, the appellant obtained special Jcavc from this Court and filed the present appeal.
In support of the appeal counsel for the appellant raised two points : (1) that the said order of the learned single Judge WJs not a 'judgment' within the meaning of cl. I 0 of the Letters Patent and hence no Letters Patent appeal could be filed thereunder, and (2) that the said sale suffered from a material irregularity which caused substantial injury to the appellant and was therefore liable to be set aside. Counsel cited cert.ain decisions in support of the contention that the order of the learned single Judge wt1s not a 'judgment' within the meaning of cl. 10 of the Letters Patent. Some of these decisions, however, are under ss. I 09 and 110 of the Code of Civil Procedure and Arts. 133 and 134 of the Constitution which would have no bearing on the construction of cl. l 0 of the Letters Patent. But before we enter into the controversy as to the meaning of the term 'judgment' in cl. 10 it would be necessary to remember that the respondent having been declared as the highest bidder became the purchaser of the appellant's one fourth share in the said pro- perty. No doubt the sale had to be confirmed by the Court under r. 92 of 0. XXI before it could become absolute and in the mean· time the appellant could apply under r. 90 to have it set aside. If .the Court. on such an application, were to pass an order setting aside the sale, such an order would clearly affect the rights ac- quired by the respondent as a result of the saie. On the other hand. if the application were to be dismissed, such dismissal a1ects the right of the judgment-debtor under r. 90.
The application under that Rule and the order made thereon, therefore, are not merely procedural matters but are matters affecting the rights of both the ii) A.LR. 1960 AIL 692 (F. B.)
L 169Sup.Cl(PJ/71-6 [1971) 1 S.C.R. auction purchaser and the judgment-debtor. The question is whe- ther such an order setting aside the sale is a 'judgment' within the meaning of cl. 10 of the Letters Patent.
At one time the view held by the Allahabad High Court was that no Letters Patent ap~~al could lie against such an order. Thus, in Piare Lal v. Madan Lal( 1) it held, following its earlier decision in Muhammad Naimullah Khan v. lbsanullah Khan( 2 ), that no appeal lay under cl. 10 of the Letters Patent from an order of a single Judge of the High Court dismissing an appeal from an order of an executing ~ourt on an application under 0. XXI, r. 90. 11iat deci- si0n, however, was rendered on a view that s. 104(2) of the Code de!Jarred even a Letters Patent appeal under cl. 10. Subsequently. the High Court abandoned that view and held \n Ram Sarup v. Kaniz Ummeha11i(') thats. 104(2) did not affect Letters Patent appeals from an order thereby falling in line with the other High Courts (seP. Mulla, Code of Civil Procedure, (13th ed.) 452). None of· these decisions was on the question whether an order made under 0. XXI, r. 90 was a 'judgment' or not.
In Standard Glass Beads Factory v. Shri Dhar(') the High Court of Allahabad construed the term 'judgment' as including a final judgment as also a preliminary and an interlocutory judgment and observed that it did not exclude an order.
On this view it held that an order passed by a single Judge of the High Court dis- missing an appeal against an order of interim injunction was a 'judgment' within the meaning of cl. I 0 of the Letters Patent, and a Letters Patel)! appeal, therefore, lay thereunder against it. Re- liance, however, was placed on the decision in Asrumatl Debi v. K11m<1r Rupendra Deb Raikot(") where the question was whether an order transferring a suit from a subordinate court to the High Court under cl. 13 of the Letters Patent of the Calcutta High Court was a 'judgment' within the meaning of cl. 15. This Court held that i! y;as not. In doing so the Court referred to the divergence of opllllon amongst the Calcutta, Madras and Rangoon High Courts on the interpretation of the term 'judgment' in cl. 15 of the Letters Patent reflected in Justices of the Peace for Calcutta v. Oriental Gas Co.( 0), Tuljaram v. Alagappa(') and Da,vabhai v. Muru- . gappa Chettiar(8), but without resolving the divergence held that an ord~r of. transfer of a suit did not fall within any one of the three aforesaid views, and therefore, a Letters Patent appeal therefrom was not maintainable. Mukherjea, J. at page 1167 of the report stated that although in such a case there would be a controversy between the parties as to whether the suit should be tried by. the (!) A. i. R. 1917 All. 325.
(3).I. L.R. (1937] All. 886. (S) [1953) S. C. R. 1159, (7) I.L. R. 35 Mail. !. (2) [1892) 14 All. 226 (F. B.) (4) A.I.R. 1960 All (F.B.) (6) 8 Beng. L. R. 433. (8) I. L. R. 13 Rani. 457.
c c RADHEY SHYAM v. SHYAM BEHAR! (She/at, /.) 78 7 court where it was filed or in the High Court which had to be deter- mined, a decision on any and every point in dispute ~tween the parties to a suit was not a 'judgment'. Such an. or~er did n?t ~ect the merits of the controversy between the parties m the smt itself, nor did it terminate or dispose of the suit on any ground, and there- fore, could not oo placed in the same category as an order reject~g a plaint or one dismissing a suit ~n a preliminary gr<;>un~. ~t WJ!l
be noticed that the order in quest10n was on an apphcatton m the suit as a step in aid towards the determination of the controversy between the parties in the suit. It was, therefore, that the said ob- servation was made that the order sought to be appealed against did not affect the merits of the controversy in the suit nor did it terminate or dispose of the suit. For an order to be a 'judgment' it is not always necessary that it should put an end to the contro- versy in the suit or should terminate the suit. Even the narrower definition of a 'judgment' as given by Couch, C.J. in the Justices of the Peace for Calcutta(') was that it must mean a decision which affects the merits of the question between the parties by determin- ing some right or liability and such a decision might be either final or preliminary or interlocutory. The question as to when an order is a judgment once again arose in the State of Uttar Pradesh v. Dr. Vijay Anaml Maharaj('). The question was whetjier an order passed by a single Judge of a High Court dismissing an application for a review of his earlier order was a judgment aruc.nable to a Letters Patent appeal. The question arose in the following manner. The Additional Collector, Benaras assessed the respondent to an agricultural income tax under powers conferred on him 1Jnder the U.P. Agricultural Income-tax Act, 1949. The respondent filed a writ petition in the High Court for quashing the said order on the ground of want of jurisdiction in the assessing officer. The writ petition was allowed and the assessment was quashed. As the State did not file any appeal against the said order; the order became final.
In 1956, the State promulgated Ordinance No. II of 1956 which was subsequently replaced by U.P. Act XIV of 1956. Under the Ordinance as also under the Act, the assessments made by the Additional Collector were retrospectively validated. Also, a right was. conferred upon any party to the proceedings under the U.P. Agncultural Income-tax Act, 1949 wherein assessment was set aside on the ground of want of jurisdiction to apply for a review of the said proceedings in t_he light of the provisions of the Ordinance and the Act. Further, a statutory injunction was imposed upon the C?l!rt to review such orders acc?Idingly. Pursuant to the said pro- vmons, the appellant-State applied to the High Court at Allahabad for review of the said order.
The application was dismissed on the ground that. neither the Ordinance nor the Act entitled the ap- pellant to a review of an order passed in a writ petition under Art. (I) 8 Ben&. L. R. 433.
(I) (1963) (I) S. C. R. L [1971] l S.C.R. 226. The appellant filed a Special appeal nnder Ch. VIII, r. 5 ?f the Rules of the High Co_urt against the said. order. That wa~ dis- missed inter alia on the ground that the sa1d order of the. sm!ile Judge was not a 'judgment'. On appeal, this Court, .a~ter refernng to the aforesaid cleavage of opinion amongst the Hign c.our.ts .on the meaning of the term 'judgment', held that the order drsmissmg the applicaticn for review in any event fell within the narrower meaning given to it by the Calcutta High Court, and that therefore, the imi:•ugned order w~s a 'judgment' within the meaning of cl. 10 of the Letters Patent of the Allahabad High Court. This Court held that the said Ordinance and the Act conferred a fresh right upon a party to the earlier proceedings to have the previous order ~et aside and to have a decision from the Court on the basis of the amended Act, that this was a valuable and a substantive right con- ferred upon a party to the proceedings and that on the rival con- tentions the question of the fresh right conferred upon a party to the proceed in gs and the jurisdiction of the court to enforce the said right would be in issue and any decision thereon could legitimately be said to be a decision determining the .rights of parties. It also observed that the decision of the learned single Judge dismissing the wril petition was certainly a decision denying the right of the appellants alleged to have been conferred under the amending Act, and therefore, the order dismissing the writ petition was a 'judg- ment' within the meaning of cl. J 0 of the Letters Patent as also r. 5 of Ch. VIII of the Rules of the High Court, and therefore, the Division Bench of the High Court erred in holding that no appeal lay against the said order.
In Begum Aftab Zamani v. Lal Chand Khanna('), the High 1 1 Court of Delhi also has held that the expression 'judgment' in cl. 10 of the Letters Patent of the Lahore High Court not only meant a judgment having the effect of a decree, but any order which affec- ted the merits of a controversy between the parties by determining some disputed right or liability.
In Shankarlal Aggarwal v. Shankar/a/ Poddar(2) the question was whether an order passed by a single Judge of the High Court cor;Jirming an auction sale during the winding up proceedings of the company was.appealable. Since the Court hcid that such an order wa~ appealable under s. 202 of the Indian Companies Act, 1913, it did not go into the question whether it was 3 'judgment' \\·ithin the meaning of cl. 15 of the Letters Patent. The decision, therefore, does not help.
Similarly, Mohan Lal MdF:an Lal Thacker v. Gujarat(3 ) and Tarapora & Co. v. M/s V/O Tractors Export, Moscow( 4 ) also are strictly not relevant as they were decisions on (I) T. L. R. [1969] Delhi 34 (F. ll.l
(3) [1968] 2 S. C. R. 685. (') [1%•] (I) S. C. R. 717. (4) [19oOJ (2) S. C. R. 699. c ll c RADHEY SHYAM v. SHYAM BEHAR! (She/at, J.) the meaning of the expression 'final order' in Arts. 133 and 134(1) ( c j of the Constitution and not on the inte1 pretation of the tem1 'j Jdgment' in the Letters Patent oi the High Courts.
There can be no doubt that an application under 0. XXI, r. 90 to set aside an auction sale concerns the rights of a person de- clared to be the purchaser. If the application is allowed, the sale is set aside and the purchaser is deprived of his right to have the sale confirmed by the Court under r. 92. Such a right is a valu- able right, in that, upon such confirmation the sale becomes abso- lute and the rights of ownership in the property so sold become vested in him. A decision in such a proceeding, therefore, must be said to be one determining the right of the auct10n purchaser to have the sale confirmed and made absolute and of the judgment-debtor conferred by r. 90 to have it set aside and a resale ordered. In our view an order in a proceeding under 0. XXT, r. 90 is a 'judg- ment' inasmuch as such a proceeding raises a controversy between the parties therein affecting their valuable rights and the order allow- ing the application certainly deprive.; the purchaser of rights ac- crued to him as a result of the auction-sale. We, therefore, agree with 1 he High Court that a Letters Pa tent appeal lay against the order cf the learned single Judge.
· Rule 90 of 0. XXI of the Code, as amended by the Allahabad High Court, inter alia provides that i:to sale shall be set aside on the ground of inegularity or even fraud unless upon the facts proved the Court is satisfied that the applicant has sustained injury by rea- son of su:h irregularity or fraud. Mere proof of a material irre- gularity such as the one under r. 69 aud inadequacy of price rea- lised in sud1 a sale, in other word~mjury, i~. therefore, not sufficient. What ha5 to be established is that there was not only inadequacy of the price but that that inadequacy was caused by reason of the mate- .rial irregularity or fraud. A connecti0n has thus to be established betw~en the inadequacy of the price and the material irregularity. The learned single Judge found that the appellant had been pre- judiced inasmuch as the said sale realised only Rs. 8,000/- though the value of the appellant's share was Rs. 20,0l)Cl;'-. This view was founded upon .a report made by the Amin of the Execution Court in which that officer had valued the said share at Rs. 20,000/-.. The Division Bench, however, held, and in our view rightly, that the learned single Judge was in error in relying upon that report. The record clearly shows that 110 notice was given to the respondent of the appellant's application to have a commissioner appointed to value the property. The trial Court appointed the Amin as com- missioner without any such notice and behind the back of the res- pondent.
The Amin made his valuation without giving an oppor- tunity to the respondent to be heard. No opportunity was ever given to the respondent to raise any objecti'il to the said valuation. The [1971J. I S.C.R.
report was filed in the trial court without any notice to the resp~n dent. Indeed, no reference was made to the report m the tnal court so that the trial court could not give any chance to the respon- dent to raise any contention against it. It was for the firs~ time brought out before the learned single Judge who accepted 1t and held on the strength of it that the price realised at the sale was gross- ly inadequate. Jn these circumstances the Division Bench rjghtly held that the learned single Judge erred in relying on :>uch a report. Barring the report no evidence whatsoever was led by the appel- 'lant to show that his share in the said property was
worth Rs. 20,000/-, and that therefore the price realised at the auction was inadequate. The Division Bench was, in our view, right in holding that the appellant had failed to show inadequacy of the price or that such inadequacy was occasioned by the said material irregularity.
When it was realised that the contention as to the inadequacy of price cannot be sustained, counsel tried to argue that the said sale fetched Rs. 8,000/- only as the proclamation for sale had set out the value of the appellant's share at :hat amount only.
No such grievance was made before the trial court, nor was such a grievance incorporated in the memorandum of appeal before the High Court. Also, ·no such ground has been taken in the special leave petition before this Court. Obviously, the appellant could not raise such a contention before the High Court, much less before thii Court. Thus. the contentions raised by counsel for the appellant fail and consequently the appeal is <ljsmissed with costs.
R.K.P.S. Appeal dismissed. c