RAM KUMAR PANDE v. THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH February 11, 1975 [M. H. BEG AND A. ALAGIRISWAMI, JJ.] · Criminal trial-High Court interfering willi acquittal by trial court-When Supreme Court can illlerfere with decision of High Court.
c · El'idence Act (I of 1872) s. 11, Scope of. Supreme Court (Enlargement of CKimina/ Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970- A~quittal set aside an~ sentence of life imprisonment imposed-Certificate of High Court for appealtng to Supreme Court not necessary.
The appellant was charged with two offences, (i) under s. 307 I.P.C. with r~s pect to one person, and (ii) under s. 302/34, I.P.C. for having, along with other accused, caused the death of another. The trial court convicted him under s.324 J.P.C. on the first charge and acquitted him of the other charge. The appeal by the State against the acquittal on the second charge was allowed by the High Court and the appellant was convicted under s.302/34 l.P.C. and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Ailowing. the appeal to this Court, . HELD : (I) In the case of an appeal against atl/acquittal the appellate court should not interfere with the acquittal merely because it can take one of the two reasenably possible views which favours conviction. But if the view of the !rial. court is not reasonably sustainable, on the evidence on record, the appellate court will interfere with the acquittal. If the High Court sets aside an acquittal and convicts, this Court has to be satisfied, after examining the prosecution and defence cases, and the crucial points emerging for decision from the facts of the case, that the view taken by the trial court, on the evidence on recC'rd, is atleast as accept- able as the one taken by the High Court, before this Court could interfere with the decision of the High Court. [5210]
(a) The First Information Report is a previous statement which, strictly speaking, can b~ only used to corroborate or contradict the maker o'f it. In the present case, the F.I.R. was made by the father of the deceased to whom all the important facts of the occurrence were bound to have been communicated. But, though the F.I.R. was given about 4 hours after the· incident, it was not mentioned therein that the appellant had stabbed the deceased.
The omission of such an important fact affecting the' probabilities of the ·case is relevant under s.1 l nf the Evidence Act in judging the veracity of th~ prosecution case. (5220)
(b) The evidence, shows that the deceased was 'stabbed by one or the other accused; that the place of occurrence had been shifted by the witnesses for. the prosecution; that the version of the alleged eye witnesses is not credible; and that the alleged dying 'declaration is unreliable. [524B-DJ
(2) The High Court, having found that the appellant and the other accused were individually responsible for their acts, erred in finding the appellants guilty on the basis of common intention. of an offen~e under s. 302134 I.P.C. [524FG]
(3) An appeal to this Court by the accused, in a case where his acquittal had heen conv~rted into a conviction and the sentence of life imprisonment was im- posed upon him, lies as a matter of right under the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, '1970, and no certificate of the High Court is necessary.
[521A] CRIMINAL APPELLATE JuRISDIGTION: Criminal Appeal No. 12 of 1972. From the Judgment and Order dated the 1st May, 1971 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Crl. Appeal No. 653 of 1970.
2-470SCI/75 R. K. Bhatt for the appellant. Ram Punjwani,, H. S. Parihar and/. N. Shroff, for the respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by BEG, J. The sole appellant Ram Kumar Pandoy, aged 45 . years, was tried tog1ether with Suresh Kumar aged 20 years, and Mulkra1, aged 45 years, aiud Ramesh Kumar, aged 17 years, on two chiarges framed against him.
These were : "Firstly; That you on or about the 23rd day of March 1970 at Raipur, did an act, to wit, hit Uttam Singh with a knife with such intention or knowledge and under such circumstances, that if by that act, you had c~sed the death of Uttam Singh you would have been guilty of murder and
that you caused grievous hurt to Uttam Singh by the said a::t and that you thereby committed an offence, punishable undt~r Section 307 l.P.C. and; Secondly : That at the said time and place, you or some
other persons did commit murde~ by intentionally or know- lingly causing the death of Harbinder Singh and the said act was da,1e in furtherance of the common intention of 'all and thereby committed. an offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code and within
the cognizance of the Court of Sessions." . Suresh Kumar, Mulkraj, and Ramesh Kumar, were accused of offences punishable under Sections 307 /114 and Section 302 l'ead with Section 34 and 114 Indian Penal Code. The Sessions' Judge of Raipur, who had tried the case, found Suresh Kumar guilty of the murder by stabbing of' Harbinder Singh, aged about 16 yeai:m, and
sentenced him to lifo imprisonment. He CO'ilvicted the appellant under Section 324 I.P.C. only for the injury inflicted on Uttam Singh and sentenced him to one year's rigorous imprisonment, but acquitted him ot other charges.
He also acquitted the accused Ramesh and M:ulkraj of aD charges levelled against him. The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed agains~ the acquittal of the appellant Roam Kumar Pandey of the charge under Section · 302134 l.P.C., and of Mulkraj a1.1d Ramesh Kumar of oal.l charges. Suresh Kumar, the son of Mulkraj appealed against his conviction under Sec- tion 302 simplicitor, but this appeal was dismissed by the High Court which maintiained his life imprisonment. The High Court also allowed the State's appeal against the acquittal of Ram Kumar Pand~y for injuries caused to Harbinder Singh, and, convictrilg him under Section 302/34 l.P.C., it sentenced him to life irnprisionment. It convicted Mulkraj of an offence punishable only under Section 323 I.P.C. and sentenced him to a1 fine of Rs. 200/-, and, in default of payment of fine, to rigorous impriscoment for two months. It upheld the acquittal of Ramesh Kumar Ahuja of •all charges.
T~is. a~ hru1 come _up before us after a certificate granted by the High Court under. Article 134(1)(c) of the Constitution, but the c c R. IC PANDE V. M. P. STATE (Beg, J.) certificate says that the appellant is entitled to it under the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970, i;trictly speaking, no certificate ot the H1gb Court IS reguired tor sucn an appeal where an acquittal ha~ been converted into a conviction nnder Section 302/34 1.P.C., and a sentence of life imprisonment im- posed upon an accused person. Tbs appeal, in su:b a case, lies as a mat!er of right to this Court under the Act of 1970.
The only question before us now is whether the appellant, who had not appealed at all to the High Court against his conviction under Section 324 I.P.C., which stands, was rightly convicted by the High Court under Section 302/34 I.P.C., after setting aside his acquittal for the graver offence for injuries resulting in the death of Harbinder Singh.
The well settled rule of pra·ctice in a case of oan appeal against an acquittal is that the appellate Court. should not interfere with the acquittal merely because it can take one of the two reasonably possible views which favours conviction. But, if the view of the Trial Court is not reasonably sustainable, on the evidence on record, the appellate Court will interfere with ~n acquittal. If the Appellate Court sets aside an acquittal and convicts, we have to be satisfied, after examin- ing the prosecution and defence cases, and the crucial points emerging for decision from the fucts of the case, that the view taken by the Trial Court, on evidence on record, is at least as acceptable as the one taken by the High Court, before we could i•aterfere with the High Court's judgment.
The prosecution case, as set out in the First Information Report was: Uttam Singh, PW 1, residing arGanj Parao, on the first floor went home at about 3.30 p.m. on 23-3-1970 and was preparing to have a bath when Suresh Ahuja came down· from an upper storey of the house and complained that Utta.m Singh had been quarrelling with members of his family. Uttam Singh requested him to take his seat and promised to look into the matter. This angered Suresh Ahuja. Thereafte~, his elder brother alrrived and started quarrelling with Uttam Singh's daughter. At this stage, the landl'Ord Mulkraj Ahuja, acc01)lpanied by the appellant Ram Kumar Pandey, who lives with his fumily in a side .room on the ground floor, entered and immediately gave him a blow on his eye-brow. Uttam Singh fell down. As Uttam Sirrgh got up, the appellant struck him with a knife from
behind. Mulkraj asked Pandey to run down-stairs. Both the accused tried to run away. Uttam Singh tried to catch them but failed. Uttam Singh then asked his son Harbinder Singh to make a telephone call. At this point, Suresh, son of Mulkraj, . stabbed Harbinder Singh who fell down in the lane. Uttam Singh saw Harbinder Singh lying near the house of Saudager Shah with an injury on his chest which was bleed- ing profusely. Harbinder Singh was carried to a hospital on a cart and Gurcharan Singh telephoned the police. Joginder Singh also came while the injuries were being inflicted. Uttam Singh's daughters Amar- jit Kaur and Taranjit Kaur saw Uttarn Singh wrapping a · chadar on the wound of Harbinder Singh. Raj Jaggi had seen Harbinder Singh falling down. The motive for this incident was that Mulkraj Ahuja, the landlord, wanted his house
vacated by Uttam Singh. Harbinder Singh had died while being taken to hospital. The above mentioned First Information Report was lodge:d at Police Station Ganj on 23-3-1970 at 9.15 p.m. The time of this inci- dent is stated to be 5 p.m. The only person mentioned as an eye wit- ness to the murder of Harbinder Singh is Joginder Singh.
The two daughters Taranjit Kaur, PW 2, and Amarjit Kaur, PW 6, are men- tioned in the F.LR. only as persons who saw the wrapping of the chadar on the wound. of Harbinder Singh, What is most significant
is that it is nowhere mentioned in the F.I.R. that the appellant had stabbed Harbinder Singh at all. It seems inconceivable that by 9.15 p.m. it would not be known to Uttam Singh,
the father of Harbinder Singh, that the appellant had inflicted one of the two stab wounds on the body of Harbinder1 Singh. No doubt, an F.I.R. is a previous statement which can, strictly speaking, be only used to corroborate or contradict the maker of it. But, in this case, it had been made by the father of the murdered boy to whom all the important facts of the occurrence, so far as they were known up to 9.15 p.m. on 23-3-1970, were bound to have been com- municated. If his daughters had seen the appellant inflicting a blow on Harbinder Singh, the father would certainly have mentioned it in the F.I.R.
We think that omissions of such important facts, affecting the probabilities uf the case., are relevant under Section 11 of the Evidence Act ln judging the veracity of the prosecution case.
Even Joginder Singh, PW 8, was not an eye witness of the occur- rence. He merely proves an alleged dying declaration. He stated that Harbinder Singh (described by his pet name as "Pappi") rushed out of his house by opening its door, and held his hand on his chest with hlood flowing down from it.
He deposed that, when he asked Pappi c what had happened, Pappi had stated that Suresh and Pandey had injured him. It is clear from the F.I.R. that Joginder Singh had met Uttam Singh before
the F.I.R. was made. Uttam Singh did not mention there that any dying declaration, indicating that the appellant had also injured Harbinder Singh, was made by Ha:rbinder Singh. The omission to rriention any injury inflicted on
Harbinder Singh by the appellant in the F.I.R. seems very significant in the cir- cumstances of this case. Indeed, according to the version in the F.I.R., Joginder Sin,::h, who was in the lane, is said to have arrived while Harbinder Singh was being injured. Therefore, if this was corn:ct, the two injuries on Harbinder Singh must also have been inflicted in the lane outsid.:.
Satwant Kaur, PW 7, the wife of Uttam Singh, who claimed to have been an eye witness of the whole occurrence, was also not men- tioned in the F.I.R. Suresh had, according to her, stabbed Hairbinder Singh on the right side of the chest at the door of the kitchen, ano, thereafter, Pandey was said to have attacked him.
c R. K. ~ANDE V. M. P. STATE (Beg, J.) Again, we find that Taranjit Kaur, PW 2, and Amarjit Kaur, PW 6, daughters ofl Uttam Singh, have figured as eye witnesses of the whole occurrence including the stabbing of Harbinder s:ngh by the appellant. As already indicated, they are not mentioned in the F.I.R. as eye witnesses of the murder. This is also very significant in the present case. 'They have been mentioned only as witnesses of wrapping a chadar on the wound of Harbinder Singh who was then said to be lying in the lane after the occurrence.
In order to explain how Harbinder Singh, said to have been attack- ~d near the ~itchen of Uttam Singh on the first floor, was found lying m the lane m a pool of blood. the presecution version is that, after the attack with kr;ves by Suresh and the appellant, Harbinder Singh ran and rushed down the steps into the lane. It was pointed out that, in view of the nature of two injuries sustained by Harbindcr Singh and the .medical evidence about them, it was not possible for Harbin- der Singh either to have rushed down, or, in any case,
to have 1T1ade a dying declaration. The injuries on Harbinder Singh found by Dr. S. C. Vishnoi were as follows : "(i) An incised wound on the left side of the . chest placed anteriorly and -measuring 1 t'' x t" x H" deep. In
the fifth intercostal space-closed to the lateral border of the left side of the sternum. It had clean cut and blood stains margins. (ii) An incised wound on the right side of back in the
8th intercostal space 2" below the inferior angle of scapula. It had measured 1" x t" x 1 ". It had clean cut and blood- sta!ns margins. There was found difficulty in probing through this wound",
The Doctor said alYout the first injury : "This injury had entered the cavity of the right ventrical. It was a very serious injury. Right ventrical is an important part of the heart. General!y such an i?jury wm~ld result in an instantaneous. death. In.1ury to the nght ventncal and the paricardium had resulted in profused hemorrhage".
He also said : Injury to the lobe ofl the right lung and the pleura as found iri this case will result in shock. Ordinarily such a in- jury would immediately be fatal". The main points for decision which emerged from the evidence 'in the case were :
1. Where was Harbinder Singh stabbed? 2. Who could have been the witness of the stabbing? 3. Could the alleged eye. witnesses be believed? 4. Could the dying declaration, said to hav1> been made to Jop)nder Singh, be made the sole basis of t1ie conviction
of the appellant under section 302/34 IPC if the evidence ofl alleged eye witnesses was to be discarded? As regards the place where the stabbing took place, the High Court had itself felt highly dissatisfied with the manner in which the case was investigated. The site plans do not show any place where the blood was found. If blood marks had been shown and blood had been taken from spots where it had. fallen, it would have afforded very valuable evidence on the question whether any stabbing of Har- binder Singh did take place at door of the kitchen and whethc~r he ran after that.
The &ite plans did not show even where the kitchen was. There: fore, we cannot know, by looking at these, whether the thre~ ladies, who are alleged to be eye witnesses at the trial, could have seen the occurrence in the room in which Uttam Singh was injured a1; well as at the door of the kitchen. Taking all the relevant evidence on this point into account, it is far more likely that, as the Sessions' Judge had guessed, the deceased had been stabbed by Suresh twice in the Jane, probably opee from the front and again while he fell or was trying to run away. He could not have moved far-
from the scene where he was stabbed. The High Court's reasons to dislodge this in- ference are insufficient. As regards the second and third points, we are unable to give credence to the version of the three alleged eye witnesses as they were not mentioned as eye witnesses in,the F.I.R. made in Ce circumstances indicated above.
Lastly, the alleged dying declaration is, also not mentioned in the F.I.R. On the other hand, the F.I.R., mentions Joginder Singh, who tried to prove the dying declaration as an eye witness.
It may be pointed out that the charge against the appellant for offences under Section 302/34 I.P.C. is also defective inasmuch as c it shows that either the appellant "or some other person" committed 'the murder. It does not show how or even mention that the appellant r
acted in concert with anyone else. However, no grievance has been made of any defect in the charge or any prejudice to the appellant from it. We therefore, ignore it. It may also be mentioned that the' High Court —
itself recorded the following finding : "All the eye-witnesses have admitted that the four ac- cused did not come together at the same time in the room where !:he incident happened. Suresh Kumar came in that
room first, Ramesh Kumar then entered the room and some time aflter they were followed by Mulkraj and Ram Kumar had Pandey. There iJ nothing to show that there was a pre-con- cert between the four accused to commit any particular off- ence in the room. It appears thaf the whole inc;ident took ~1n ugly and unexpected turn and the most unfortanate result
R. K. PANDE V. M. P. STATE (Beg, J.) was that Harbinder Singh was killed. We are of the view that the trial Court was right in reaching the conclusion that Ram Kumar Pandey and Suresh Kumar were individually
responsible for their acts". It is difficult, after this findi'I!i, to follow the reasoning of the High Court in coming to the conclusion that the appellant was guilty of an offence punishable under Section 302/34 I.P.C.
Consequently, we allow this appeal and set aside the conviction and sentence of the appellant under Section 302/34 I.P.C. If the · appellant has already served the sentence awarded under Section 324 I.P.C., as .is stated .on his behalf, he will be released forthwith. V.M.K.
Appeal allowed.