2 S.C.R. SUPREME OOURT REPORTS SlIRI RAJA DURGA SINGH OF SOLAN v. THOLU . (K. C. DAs GuPTA and.J. &. MuDHOLKAR, JJ.) • Juri&tlktion of court-Suit for ejectment of licence from . agricmtural lands-Defendant claiming to be tenant-Sui< if . maintainable in Civil Court-Punjab Tenancy Act 1887 (Punj. XVI o/ 1887), ••· 44 and 47.
The appellant filed a suit before the Civil Ccurt for the ejectment of the respondents on the ground that they were licenses. .The respondents claimed that they· we1e occu- pancy tenants and contended that under s. 77 of the Pwnjab Tenancy Act, 1887, the suit was triable by a revenue court only and not by the civil court. The trial court and the first· appellate court decreed the suit holding that the respondents were not tenants.
On. 'second appeal the Judicial Commis- sioner held that the respondents were ·occupancy tenants and that the civil court had no jurisdiction to entertain the suit. Heltl, that the civil court had jurisdiction tO entertain
the suit. Section 77 of the Punjab Tenancy Art was appli- cable only to suits between landlord and tenant> where there – was no dispute that the person cultivating the land was a tenant. But where the status of the defendant as a tenant
was not admitted by the landlord, s. 77 did not har " suit in a civil court. Sham Singh v. Amarjil Singh, (1930) I. L; R. 12 Lah. Ill and Baru v. Niaaar, (1942) I. L. R. 24Lah. 191, F. B., approved.
Magiti Sasamal v. Pandab BisBOi, [1962] 3 S. C. R. 673 relied on. HeU, further that the finding of the first two courts that the respond~nts ~ere not tenants was one. ,,f fact even though documentary evidence had to be considered in determining
the. question ~d !h~Judicial Commissioner had no jurisdiction to interfere with It In second appeal. The Judicial Commis- sioner had ignored the presumption which ~ose from entires in the revenue records under s. 44 of the Act and this vitiated his findings.
Where there is conflict between prior and subse- quent entries, the later entries must prevail. 1~61 May 1. 19~1 Shri Raja Du.rio Si•th of Solon v. Tllolu Mudholkar J. SUPREME OOURT REPORTS [1963]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 382 of l 9tl0. Appeal by special leave from thP- judgmt>nt a.ud decree dated October 3;, 1957, of the Judicial Commiadioner's Court of Himachal
Prad~sh at Simla in Civil Regular Second Appeal No. 8, of 11157. Achhru Ram and Nau.nit Lal, for the appellant . .tlnil Ku.mar Gupta, S. C. Agrawal, R. K. Garg, D. P. Singh and M. K. Ramamu.rthy, for the
respondents. 1962. May I. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by MUDHOLKAR, J.- In this appeal by special leave against the judgment of tbe Judicial Commis- sioner, Himachal .Pradesh in second appeal two
points have been urged on behalf of thP. appellant. The first' is that the Court of the Judicial Commis- sioner was in error in interfering with a finding of ' fact of the District Judge and the second is that
the Court of the Judicial Commissioner was wrong in holding that the suit wa.e .uot triable by a. civil court but is triable by a revenue court under s. 77 of the Punjab Tenancy Act, 1!!87 (Punj. XVI of
1887) (hereina.ft.lr referred to a.e the Act) which applies to Himaohal Pradesh. In order to appreciate these points it is necessary to state some facts. The appellant who was plaintiff in the suit was the former ruler of
the State of Bhagat, one of the Simla Hill 1'\tates. The State of Bhagat and several other Simla. HUI States were merged in Hima.chal Pradesh on July I, 1947. As a consequence of the merger the ruler
surreudered his sovereignty to the new States. Khasra. Noe. 70, 80, 81, 167, 26il/170, 171, 172, 173 and 269/ l 77 measuring in all 15 bighas and J 9 w r – 2 S.C.R. SUPREME OOURT REPOR'l'S
61:15 biswas, among other property, were declared to be the private property of the appellant. It is the appellant's oase that these fields a.re his Kkud- kkast lands, that they are recorded as much in the
revenue papers ever since the year. 1936 and· that the defendants were granted licence to cultivate these lands on his behalf with the obligation that the entire produce from the lands should be handed
over by them to the appellant at the end of every year. The consideration . for the arrangement was a. remission in rent and land revenue which · the appellant had granted to the respondents with ·
respect to certain other lands which were'leased out by him to the respondents. Bulk of these lands were declared to be the State properiy as a result of the merger and presumably the respon-
dents have now to pay full assessment or ient with respect to them. According to the appellant the re~pondents failed to hand over the annual pro- duce from the fields in suit to him and, therefore,
he leased out the lands at Ro. 500/- per annum to Chuku Koli for Rs. 500/- for a period of on;; year from Ootvber, 1950. The respondents, however, obstructed Choku in taking possession of the land
and despite repeated demands by the appellant, they kept him out of possession. He therefore, instituted a suit for possession and mesne profits from Rabi 1950 to Kharif 1953 at m. 500 per
annum and future profits in July, 1954. On behalf of the respondents it waa contended that they were the occupancy tenants of these lands for the last two or three generations. that they were
cultivating these lands jointly and severally and that the suit was not cognizable by a civil court. They also contended that had filed a suit against the appellant in the court of the Assistant Collector,
First Grade, Solon for a declaration to the effect that they are in possession of the lands as occupancy · ~ts and that, therefore, the appellant's suit Shri Raja l urg• Singh of So:11n
T"'1lu M.udhollca' J. 196Z • Skri lf•j• lJur1a Si11zli •f Sol•11 Th.lu JI uih.Ua'I J. SUI'RE1\1E COURT ~El'Ol•T.:3 [1963] should be stayed. The trial com·t decreed the suit of the appellant as against all the respondents includ-
ing the claim for mesne profits.. The respondents · preferred ari appeal before. the District Judge, Mahau. He dismissed the appeal and confirmed the. decree of the trial . court.
They, therefore; preferred second appeal to the Court of Judicial Commissioner. The .Judicial Commissioner allowed the appeal holding that the respondents were occu- pancy tenants of the lands and that conseque;ntly
the provisions of s. 77 (3) read with the first proviso thereto barred the jurisdiction of the civil court. On this finding the Judicial Commissioner set aside the decree grant~d by the trial court and affirmed
by the District Judge and-directed that the plaint be_ returned for· presentation to proper court. It is contended before us by !\Ir. Achhru Ram · for the appellant that for a suit to be barred under
:s. 77 (3) of the Act from the cognizance of a civil court two conditions have to be satisfied. Th~ first is that the suit should relate to one of the matters deHcribed in sub-a. 3 and the second is that the
existence of the relationship of landlord and tenant . should be admitted by the parties. If these two conditions are not satisfied then, .according to him, . the suit is not barred from the cognizance of a
civil court. In support of his contention he has relied upon the decision in Sham Singh v. Amarjit Singh; ('\ · Baru v. Nader; (') Daya Ram v. Jagir Singh(•). He has also relied upon certain obser-
vations of this Court in Magiti Sasamal v. Pandab Bissoi ('). Section 77 (3) and the first proviso there to run as follows: "The following suits shall be instituted in, and heard and determined by Hevenue Courts, ·
and no other Court shall take cogni_zance of fl) (1~30) l.l.R 12 lah. 111. t2) (1~421 J.L.R.24 lah. 191 F.B • . pl ,….J.R (195_6) Him. ha. ti. (f; (1962) S S.C.JI.. 6"/l, .J 2 S.C.R.
SUPREME OOURT REPORTS any dispute or matter with respect to which any such suit might be instituted:- Provided that- . (l) where in a suit cognizable and instituted in a Civil Court it becomes ~eooBB&ry to
decide any matter which can under this sub-section be heard and determined only by a Revenue Court shall endorse upon the plaint the nature of the matter for decision and the particulars required by
Order VII, rule 10, Code of Civil proce- dure and return the plaint for presenta- tion to the Collector." We are not concerned with the second provi- so. Below the second proviso the kUid of suits
which are triable by the revenue courts are set out in three groups. . It is contended on behalf of the respondents that the suit in question would fall 11nder entry {e) in the second group. That entry
reads thus: "suits by a landlord to eject a tenant.'' They aiso contend that their suit before the revenue court was one under entry (d) which reads thus: '•Suits by a tenant to establish a Claim
to a right of occupancy, or by landlord to prove that a tenent has not such a right." It wonld, however, appear that not only it , can (d) and (e) but every other item in the three
groups relates to a dispute between tenants on the one hand and the landlord on the other. There is no entry or ,item relating to a suit by or against a person· claiming to be a tenant and
whose stafua as a tenant is not admitted by the landlord. It would, therefore, be reasonable. to infer that the legislitture barred only those suite fonn the oognirADoe of a oiVU cowt when these
IHI Shri Raj1. n.,.ga Sinzh of Solon Tllolu Mudholkar J, Sh.i Roja Dr.rt• Si"lh of Solo• rui. Jlu4AelkarJ, SUPREME COURT REPO.ll.TS [1963) was no dispute between the parties that a person
cultivating land or who was in posseBBion of land wad a tenant. This is precisely what has been held in tho two decisions of the Lahore High Court relied upon by Mr. Achhru ltan. In the
first of these two cases Tek Chand J., observed: "It is obvious that the bar under clause (4) is applicable to those cases only in which the relationship of landlord and tenant is
admitted and the object of the suit is to 4· determine the nature of the tenancy i. e. whether the status of the tenant falls under seotions 5, 6, 7 or 8 of the Act." In that case the suit was instituted by some-
one claiming to succeed to the tenan1Jy of certain land on the <lea.th of the occupancy tenant. The learned Judge observed: "In a suit like the one before us the point for decision is not the nature of the tenancy,
but whether the defendant is related to the deceased tanant and if so whether their common ancestor had occupied the land. If these facts are established, the claimant ipso facto succeeds to the occupancy tenancy.
But if they are found against him, he is not a tenant, at all." As this facts were not established the High Court held that the landlord was entitled to sue the defendant who had entered on the land &88er-
f • ting a claim to be a collateral of the deceased tenant but who failed to substantiaw his claim. This view was affirmed by a Full Bench consisting of five Judges in the other Labore case. In Daya
Ram v. Jagir Singh (')the same Judicial CommiBB- ion< r who decided the appeal before us has expre68~d the view that where in a suit for ejectment the existence of the relationship or
(I) A.J.R. (19~6) Him. Pn. 61. 2 S.C.R. SUPREME OOURT REPORTS landlord and tenant· is not admitted by '>), h t e parties the Civil Court had jnrisdiotion ' \' to try the suit and that such a suit did
not fall under s. 77 (3) of the Aot. In Magiti. Sasamal v. Pandah Bissoi (1) this Court was oonsiderin·g the provisions of s. 17 ( 1) of the · Orissa Tenants Protection Act, 1948 (3 of 1948).
The provisions 1,of.1jhat section run thus: "A~~ L~i1i7i.te between the tenant and the landlord as regards, (a) tenant's possession of the land on the let day of September, 1947 and his right to the benefits under this. Act,
or (b) misuse of the land by tenant, or ( c) failure or the ten an~ . to cultivate the land properly, or ( d) failure of the tenant to deliver to the landlord the rent accrued due within two months from the · date on
which it becomes payable, or (e) the quantity of the produce payable. to the landlord as rent, shall be decided by the Collector on the application of either of the parties." It was contended in that case on· behalf of
the respondents who claimed to be tenants that suit for permanent injunction instituted by the appellant landlord was barred by the provisions of s. 7 ( 1) . Dealing with this contention this
Court observed as follows: ''In other words, s. 7 ( 1) postulates the relationship · of tenants and landlord between the parties and proceeds to provide for ·the exclµsive jurisdiction of the Collector to try
the five categories of disputes that may arise betweer. the landlord and the tenant·. The disputes which are the subject-matter of s. 7 ( 1) must be in regard to the five categories.
That in the plain and obvious construction of the words 'any dispute as regards'. On . this construction it would be uµreeeonal;>le ti> Ill (196lJ s s.c.a. 679~ 11162 Sbri Roja Durg•
:.ingt. a/Solon v. 77ulu Mudholkar J , 19'1 8'-i Rojo Drvp Si•ghofB""" TINIM SUPREME OOURT REPORTS [I963j hold that a dispute about the status of the tenant also falls within the purview of the
said section. The soheme of s. 7 (l) ill unam- biguous and clear. It refers to the tenant and landlord as such and it contemplates disputes of the . specified character arising between them. Therefore, in our opinion,
even on a liberal construction of s. 7 (I) it would bA difficult to uphold the argument .. … that a dispute as regards the existence of relationship of landlord and tenant falls to
be determined by the Collector under s. 7 (I)". The observations of this Court would clearly apply to the present case also inasmuch as the relationship of landlord and tenant as between
the parties to the suit is not admitted by the appellant. Now we will come to the second point beoause the argument is that on the finding of the learned District Judge the respondents are tenants and,
thereforP, their ejeotment cannot be orderl'd by a Civil Court. As already stated the appellant chall- enged the findfug of the Judicial Commissioner on the point on the ground that it had no jurisdiction
to rever11e the finding of the Distriot Court because it was a finding of fact on the question. There is no doubt in our mind that the learned Judicial Commissioner was in error in revPraing the finding
of fact of the District Jndge particularly so because the finding of the District Judge is based upon a collllideration of entries in the reoord of rights from the year 1936 onwards showing that the lands were
the khudkluut lands of the appellant and were in his possession, The learned Judfoial Commissioner has omitted to bear in mind the provisions of s. 44 of th" Aot which give a presumptive valne to the
entries in revenue records. It wu argued before 118 that there are prior entriea w hi.oh are in conflict. 'tritla tfaoee op. wlaiob $lae llamed DiatrM Jadp bat 2 S.C.R .. relied. It is sufficient to say that where there is
such a conflict, it is the later entry which must pre- vail. Indeed from the language ofs. 44 itself it follows that where a new entry is substituted for an old pne it is that new entry which ·wm take the
place of the old one and will be entitled to the pre- sumption of correctness until and unless it is est· ablished to be· wrong or substituted by another entry. In Deity PattabhiramaBWamy v. S. Hany-
mayya(l) this Court held that a finding of fact arrived ~. at by the District Judge on the consideration of a!I evidence, oral and documentary, .adduced by the parties, cannot be set a.side in second appeal. The
question here is whether . the respondents are the tenants of the appellant. Though for determining the question documentary evidence fell to be con- sidered, the finding on the question is no less a find·
ing of fact. than may have been the case if the evidence to be considered was merely oral. As was pointed.out by this Court in that case as well as recently in Sir Chunilal V. Mohta &: · Sans Ud.,
'i Bombay v. The Century Spinning &: Manufacturing Go. Ltd, Bombay (') an issue of law does not arise merely because documents which are not instru- ments of title or otherwise the direot foundation
of rights but are merely historical documents, have to be construed. Of course here, as we have already pointed out, the Judicial Commissioner has ignored the preeumption arising from certain documentary
evidence and. therefore, there is an additional rea- -f son vitiating its finding. Upon this view we set a.side the. decree of the Court of the J udicia.l Commissioner and restore that
of the trial court as affirmed by the District Court. Costs throughout will be. borne by the parties as incurred. '.A.ppea,l al'/owed. (2) ( 1961) Supp. 3 S.CJt, 549, Shrl Raj• Durga
·'iiltrlh of Solan Tholu –