c STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. M/S. SAITH & SKELTON (P) LTD. lan,uary 28, 1972 [C. A. VAIDIALINGAM, I. D. DUA AND G. K. MITTER, JJ.] .Arbitration Act (10 of 1940), ss. 2(c) and 14(2)-Power of r.rbitrator to file •ward suo motu–Court in which award should be filed-Power of arbitrator to 'awapd interest prior to date of reference or aWard. Disputes having arisen between the ~ppellant and the respondent with reference to the pe'rformance of a contract which provided for arbitration, steps were taken to appoint arbitrators .and an umpire.
The appellant filed a petition . ip the District Judge's Court, having jurisdiction over the matter, fOr settin(g aside the nominations. When the matter came up to this Court in appeal, this Court appointed a sole arbitrator v,ith consent of the panie•. · Thereafter in the presence of counsel for both panics this· Court gave .directions in the ~ppeal. that the arbitration records be sent to the sole arbitrator, and .later extended the time for making the award, and gave directions regarding the venue. The arbitrator gave his aWard, directing the payment of a certain sum by the appellant to the respondent with simple interest at 9% &-om a date anterior to the, refer- ence, .41Dd
file~. the award in this Court the next day. The respondent filed a petition for p-:tsSing a decree in terms of the a1,1.·ard but the appellant opposed the petition. On the queslions: (1) Whether the arbitrator had no pov-,.·cr suo n1oru to file his award; (2) Whether the aw~rd should not have been filed in this Court as it is not the Court contemplated by ss. 2(q) and 14(2) of the Arbitration Act, 1940; and (3) Whother the arbitrator had no juris· diction to '3Ward the interest from a date anterior to the date of a"rafd or reference,
HELD: (I) There is nothing in s. 14(2) of the Act which precludes the arbitrator from filing the award suo 1110.qu and it is not cottect to •ay that the award should be filed only if the parties make a request to the arbitrator to file it, or make an appli~tion to the Court for that purpose. The arbitrator having filed the award the next day after making it, no question of limitation arises. 1239 G-H]
Narayan Bhawu v. Dewaiibhawu, A.I.R. 1945 Nag. 117, approved. (2) The expresion 'Court' occurring in s. 14(2) of the Act will have to be understood in the context in which it occurs, beqause, the defini- tion of the word in s. 2(c) applies only when there is nothing repugnant in the subject or context. The word 'Court' would include 'an appellate court' and the wdrd 'suit' would include 'appellate proceedings'. Merely
because the order of this Court appointing the sole arbitrator stated 'the 'lppeal is allowed' it is not as if this Court had lost 'all jurisdiction regard· ing the arbitration proceedings.
The various directions given by this Court indicate that this Coun retaine~ full control over the arbitration prQCeedings. Therefore this Court is the Court under s. 14(2) where the arbitration award should be validly filed. [240 E·H; 241 B·Dl [1972] 3 S.C.Jt
Ct. A. Ct. Nachiappa Chettiar & Ors. v. Ct. A. Ct. Subramaniam Chettiar, [.1960] 2 S.C.R. 209, referred to. (3) In the present case, all the disputes including the claim for the rayment of interest had been referred to the arbit,rator. The contract does not provide that no interest w-:is payable on the amount that may be found due.
Therefore the respondent was entitled, under s. 61 (2) of the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, to claim inte'rest from the date on which the price became due and payable. The arbitrator had found that the price had become payable from a date anterior to the date of the aw~. Thero- iore, the award of interest from the anterior date was justified. The award of interest at 9% is also not exorbitant because the parties them· selves claimed interest at 12%. [245 At-OJ
Union of India v. A. L. Rallia Ram, [1964} 3 S.C.R. 164 and Firm Madanlal Roshanlal Mahajan v. Hukumchand Mills Ltd. Indore, [1967} 1 S.C.R. 105, followed. ClvIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: C. A. No. 136 Of 1971.
Appeal by special leave from lhe judgment and order dated August 6, 1970 o( the Madhya Pradesh High Court, Indore Bench in Civil Revision No, 415 of 196.9- 1. N. Shroff, for the appellant.
S. V. Gupte, S. K. Mehta and K. L. Mehta, for respondent No. 1. The Judgment of the Court was delivere.d by. Vaidialingam, J.-Civil Miscellaneous Petition No. 5801 of 1971, is by the first respondent, is an application under ss. 17 and 29 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 {hereinafter to be referred as the Act) to pass a judgment and decree according to the Award of the arbitrator dated August 24, 1971 and to grant interest from the date of the decree, on ~he amount found payable by the appellant.
Civil Miscellaneous Petition No. 5802 of 1971, by the State of Madhya Pradesh, the appellant in the Civil Appeal, is an appli· cation requesting this Court to decline to take the. Award dated August 24, 1971 on its file.
Without prejudice to the above prayer, there is a further request made to this Court to set aside or modify the Award in certain respects. The relevant facts leading up to the filing of the two applica· tions may be adverted to : The erstwhile State of · Madhya Bharat had entered into a contract with M / s. Saidi & Skelton (P.) Ltd., the first respondent, for the supply and erection of Pen• stocks for Gandhi Sagar Power Station, Chambal Hyde! workS. The acceptance of the contract was by tender No. Project/SE/ c
c M.P. STATE v. SAITH & SKELTON (P) LTD. (Vaidialingam, 1.) 235 2522-F/II/25 dated June 5, 1956. Under the said contract, the first respondent firm was required to supply material for the five penstocks of P.O.R. Jhalwar Road, Railway Station at ~· 1,5.70 per M. Ton within Ille time stipulated, the total quantity bemg 463.939 M. Tons.
The material was to be transported from Jhalwar Road Railway Station to the works site by the consignee, the Madhya Bharat Government, and the work of erection was to commence on the receipt at the work site of running length of 96 ft. for any of the p~nstocks. Clause 21 of the contract provided for any question or dispute, arising under the conditions of the contract or in connection therewith, to be referred to the arbitra- tors, one to be nominated by the StaJe and the other by the fir,m. The said clause also provided for the matter being referred to an Umpire to be appointed by the arbitrators in case of disagreement between them. That clause also referred to certain other matters relating to arbitration proceedings.
Disputes arose between the appellant and the respondent firm with reference to the performan,ce of the contract. The firm inti- mated the appellant on December 31, 1959 nominating one Shri T. R. Sharma, as an arbitrator under Cl. 21 of the contract and also called upon the appellant to nominate an arbitrator. The Directorate General of Supplies and Disoosals, who were acting as the agent of the Madhya Bharat Government, nominated one Shri G. S. Gaitonde, as an arbitrator on behalf of the appellant. But the said arbitrator resigned his appointment and in conse" quence on April 26, 1960 one Shri R. R. Desai, was nominated as an arbitrator on behalf of the appellant. This nomination was also by the Direct/Orate General of Supplies and Disposals. On September 6, 1960, the two arbitrators appointed one Sri R. C. Soni, as an Umpire. The two arbitrators disagreed in their views resulting in the matter being referred to the Umpire on October 20, 1961. According to t;he appellant, the appointment of Shri Gaitonde, in the first instance and of Shri R. R. Desai, lat«, as an arbitrator, by the Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals was without any authority from the appellant. Later on, the Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals again reappointed Shri R. R. Desai as an arbitrator on behalf of the appellant on January 4, 1961.
According to the appellant the appointment of Shri R. C. Sone, as Umpire on September 6, 1960 was not valid. Accordingly, the appellant filed in the Court of the Additional District Judge, Mandsaur, Civil Miscellaneous Case No. 16 of 1962 under s. S of the Act, for setting aside the nominations, as arbitrators of Shri T. R. Sharma and Shri R. R. Desai, as well as the appoint- ment by them of Shri R. C. Soni, as the Umpire. By order dated October 19, 1963, the Addi. Distriell Judge, Mandsaur held that the appointments of Shri R. R. Desai, as an arbitrator and Shri SUPREME COURT .REPORTS
R. C. Soni, as Umpire, were both invalid and not binding on the appellant. The firm filed an appeal before the High Court of Madhya Pradesh againsv the order of the Add!. District Judge. This appeal was later on treated as a Revision. and numbered as Civil Revision No. 415 of 1969. The High Court, by its order dated August 6, 1970 appointed Shri R. C. Soni as . the Sole Arbitrator under s. 12(2) of the Act and accordingly modified the order of the Add!. District Judge, Mandsaur.
The appellant filed Special Leave Petition No. 23 70 of 1970 in this Court for grant of Special Leave to Appeal against the order of the High Court dated August 6, 1970. The firm entered caveat. On January 29, 1971, thi~ Court granted Special Leave; c and, by consent of parties, appointed an arbitrator, whose Award is sought to be made a decree of the Court by the respondent in its application C.M.P. No. 5801 of 1971 and is sought to be set aside by the appellant hy C.M.P. No. 5802 of 1971. As the terms of the order passed by this Cour~ are materfol, it is reprodnced below:
"Special Leave is granted. The appeal is •allowed. The appointment of Shri R. C. Soni as the sole arbitra- tor is set aside by .consent of the parties. Mr. V. S. Desai, Senior Advocate,
is appointed Arbitrator by consent of the parties liO go into all the questions in this matter and make his awar. The re- muneration for the arbitrator would be Rs. 5,000, which will be shared by both the parties equally.
The arbitrator will make his award within three months from today. The parties will be at liberty to mention for extension of time for making the award. Sd. G. K. Mitter J. January 29, 1971.
Sd. A. N. Ray J." On February 1, 1971 this Court gave directions in the appeal, in the presence of the counsel for both parties, that the records of the arbitration be called for forthwith and sent to the sole arbitrator Mr. y. S. Des.ai, appoin•ed ~s per ord7r dated January 29, 1971. Agam OD April 30, 1971, this Court, Ill the presence of the coun- sel for both the parties, extended the time for making the Award by four months and also permitted the arbitrator to hold the arbi- tration proceedini?s at Bombay.
The arbitrator gave his Award on August 24, 19?1 and filed the same in this c;ourt, the next day. He also gave notice to the parl!es of the making and signing of c M.P. STATE v. SAITH & SKELTON (P) LTD. (Vaidialingarn;J.) 237 the Award. A signed copy of the Award was also sent to both t_h~ parties. The operative part of the Award is as follows : "(l) The opponents, the State of Madhya Pradesh
will pay IQ the claimants a sum of Rs. 1,79,653.18 p. for the balance payable to them in respect of the price of supply and erection of the 5 penstocks. (2) The State will also pay interest on the said
amount at 9% per annum simple interest from 7th June, 1958 to the date of decree. The State will also refund to the claimants a sum of Rs. 15,414,19 p. which they have recovered from
the claimants as excess railway freight. Sd. V. S. Desai, Sole Arbitrator." In C.M.P. No. 5801 of 1971, the firm prays for passing a judgment and decree, according to the Award and also prays for ·grant of interest from the date of decree at the rate of 9 % per annum. On the other hand, the appellant State, in its application C.M.P. No. 5802 of 1971 prays for an order declining to take the Aw~d on its file or in any event to set aside or modify the ~ward in respect of interest granted prior to August 24, 1971 as well as the direction regarding the refund by the appellant of the sum of Rs. 15,414.19 P. The Award is also sought to be modi- fied on the ground that the award of interest at 9% is very exces- sive.
The question of pronouncing judgment according to the A l'iard, as provided under s. 17 of the Act and which is _the prayer in C.M.P. No. 5801 of 1971 will arise only if the prayer to set aside the Award made in C.M.P. No. 5802 of 1971, by the State, is rejected. Therefore, we wi.U proceed to consider the contentions raised by Mr. I. N. Shroff, learned counsel for the appellant, in rnpport of the application C.M.P. No. 5802 of 1971.
Mr. Shroff has raised the following four contentions : (1) The arbitrator had no power to suo molll file his Award, as he has done in this case, and as such no action can be taken on such -an Award; (2) This Court is not the Court as contemplated by s. 14(2) read with s. 2(c) of the Ac~. Hence the filing of the Award in this Court is illegal and ineffective in law; (3) The arbitrator had no jurisdiction to award interest from a period anterior to the date of the award or reference; and (4) The Arbitrator has committed a manifest error in directing the refund of Rs. 15,414.19 P. when this amount has alre"dv ·been taken into account in arriving at the figure of Rs. 1,79,653.18 P.
(1972) 3 S.C.R We will now proceed to deal with these contentions scriatim. With regard to the first contention, which relat,l:s to the vaE- dity of the filing of the Award in this Court suo motu, r~iiance is placed by Mr. Shroff oil s. 14(2) of the Act. It is the contention of the counsel that under this section an arbitrator can cause an award to be filed iii court only under two circumstances : (a) wh~n a request to do so is made by any party to the arbitration agree- ment or any person cla(ming under such party; and (b) when the arbitrator is directed by the Court to file the award. In this c~>e. it is pointed out, that no such request was made by any of the parties to the arbitratiQn agreement or any person claiming under such party to ~e arbitrator to file the Award. It is pointed out that (here was no direction by this Court to the arbitrator to file the Award. Hence it is urged that the filing of the Award mo motu is illegal, as being contrary to the terms of s. 14(2) of the Act.
Mr. S. V. Gupte, learned counsel for the respondent firm, re· ferred us to s. 38 of the Act and pointed out that the scheme of the Act clearly shows that the Award has to be filed in the Court by the arbitrator either suo motu or on request made by the parties to the arbitration agreement or any person claiming under such party or on being directed by the Court. The counsel pointed out. there is no prohibition ins. 14(2) of the Act, against the arbitrator filing the Award in Court suo motu.
The question specifically arose before the Nagpur High Court in Narayan Bhawu. v. Dewa;ibhawu( 1). The High Court held that there is nothing in s. 14(2) of the Act, which precludes the arbitrator from filing the Award suo motu and it is not correct w say that the Award should be filed only if the parties make a re- quest to the arbitrator to file the award or make an application to the Court .for that purpose. We are in agreement with this view of the law, especially when there is no prohibition in the Act, par~ ticular!y in s. 14(2) against the arbitrator filing suo motu hi; Award in Court.
Mr. Shroff referred us to the decision in Parasramka Com- mercial Company v. Union of India('). From the facts stated in the said decision, it is seen that the arbitrator made his Award and signed the same on April 26, 1950. The arbitrator without send- ing any notice of the making and signing of the Award, sent a copy of the signed Award to the paf(ies. The appellant therein acknowledged receipt of the said si.ened copy of the Award by his letters dated 5th and 16th May, 1950; but he filed an applicatlion on March 30, 1951 in the Subordinate Jud1te's Court for passing a decree in terms of the Award. An objection was raised by the (!)AIR l945Nag 117
(2) [1970] 2 SC R 136 '· ' c lI M.P'. STATB v. SAITH & SKELTON (P) LTD. (Vaidlalingam, J.)239 opponent that the application was out of time under Art. 178 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908, as not having been filed within 90 ·days of the date of service of the notice of the making -of the Award. It is also seen that the arbitrator on July 3, 1951 filed the original Award before the Court suo motu. The Subordinate Judge rejected the application filed on March 30, 1951 as barred by time. That order was confirmed by t11e High Court. This Court, after a consideration of s. 14(1) of the Act held tha~ the serving, by the arbitrator on the appellant before this Court of a signed, copy of the Award amounted to giving him notice in writing of the making of the Award. This Court further upheld, as correct, the view of the Subordinate Judge and the High Coun that the application filed by the appellant, beyond tlie period prescribed under Art. 178 of tlie Indian Limitation Act, 1908, was barred. This Courq did not express any view regarding tlie action taken by the arbitrator in filing suo motu the Award and left open the question as follows :
c " ….. But we make it clear tliat the other part of tlie case, namely what is to happen to uhe award sent by the Arbitrator himself to the court has yet to be deter- mined and what we say here will not affect t11e determi-
nation of that question. Obviously enough that matt.er arises under the second sub-section of s. 14 and will have to be considered quite apart from the application made by the company to have the award made into rule
"f Court." Again tlie question whetlier a plea of limitation can be raised witli respect to tlie suo motu filin12; of the award by the arbitrator was left open as follows : " …. As to whether similar objections can be raised
in answer to the award filed at the instance of the arbi- trator is a question which we• cannot go into tlie present appeal and no expression of opinion must be attributed to us on that point."
Therefore, it is clear from what is stated above -that in ihe said decision this Court had no occasion to consider whether an award can be filed ~uo motu by an arbitrator; nor the further question whetlier such filing should be witliin the period of limitation pro- vided under the relevant provisions of tlie Limitation Act. In the case before us the period of limitation is dealt with under Entry 119 of the Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1963. As the arbi- trator in this case made his Award on August 24, 1971 and filed the same the next day, the question of limitation, if any, does not at all arise.
We do not express any opinion whether the period of limitation will apply when the arbitrator files his award MW 3-L887Sap.C!/72 2'0 moiu. Ju the filin~ of the Award by !he Arbitrator suo motu is legal, tho fim coirte11.tiou of Mr. Shroff has to be rejected. The second canlal.tion of Mr. Shroff is that this Court is not the "Court" as defined under s. 2( c) of the Act, where the Award could be filed. Section 2(c) of the Act is as follows :
"2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,- (c) "Court" means a Civil Court having jurisdiction to decide the questions forming the subjec~ matter of the reference if the same had been the
subject martter of a suit, but does not, except for the purpose of arbitration proceedings under section 21, include a Small Cause Court." c According to Mr. Shroff the Award should have been filed, not in this Court, but in the Court of the Addi. District Judge, Mandsaur, as that is the Court which will have jurisdiction to en- tertain the suit regarding the subject matter of the reference. We are not inclined to accept this conten~on of Mr. Shroff. It should be noted that the opening words of s. 2 are "In this Act, unless there is anything· repugnant in the subject or context. Therefore the expression "Court'' will have to be understood as defined in s. 2(c) of the Act, only if there is nothing repugnant in the subject or context. It is in that light that the expression "Court" occurr- ing in s. 14(2) of the Aca will have to be understood and interpret- ed. It was this Court that appointed Shri V. S. Desai on January 29, 1971, by consent of parties, on an arbitrator and to make his Award.
It will be seen that no further directions were given in the said order which will indicate that this Court had not divested itself of its jurisdiction to deal with the Award or matters arising out of the Award. In fact the :indications are to the contrary. The direction in the order dated January 1!9, 1971 is that the arbitrator is "to make his Award". Surely the law contemplates further steps to be taken after the Award has been made, and quite naturally the forum for taking the further action is only this Court. There was also direction to the effect that the parties are at liberty to apply for extension of time for making the Award. In the absence of anv other court havin11 been invested with such jurisdiction bv the order, the only concluonsion that is possible is that such a request must be made only to tho court which passed that order, namely, this Court.
That this Court retained complete control over the arbitration proceedings is made clear by its orders dated February 1, 1971 and April 30, 1971. On the former daie, after hearing counsel for ~th the parties, this Court gave direction that the record of c
M.P. STATE v. SAITH a: SULTON (P) LTD. (Vaidialingam, I.) 241 the arbitration proceeding$ be called for and delivered to the Sole Arbitrator Mr. V. S. Desai. On the latter date, again, after hear- ing the couruel, this Court extended the time for making the Award by four month!J and further permitted the arbitrator to hold the arbitration proceedings at Bombay.
The nature of the order passed on January 29, 1971 and the subsequent proceedings, referred to above, clearly show that this Court retained full control over the arbitration proc~.
Mr. Shroff referred us to the fact that in the "rder dated Jan- uary 29, 1971, iU is ~!early stated "The appeal is allowed". Ae;- cording to him, when the appeal has come to an end finally, this Court had lost all jurisdiction regarding the arbitration proceed' ings and therefore the filing of the Award should be only in the Court as defined in s. 2(c) of the Act. Here again, we are not inclined to accep~ the contention of .Mr. Shroff. That the appeal was allowed, is no doubt correct. B\'f.the appeal was allowed by setting aside the order of the High Court and this Court in turn appointed Mr. V. S. ~ai as the Sole Arbitrator. All other direc- tions contained in the order dated January 29, 1971 and the fur- ther proceedings, as pointed out earlier, indicate the retention of full control by this Court over the arbitration ~gs.
In Ct. A. Ct. Nachiappa Chettiar and others v. Ct. A. Ct .. Subramaniam Chettiar('), the question arose whether the trial eourt had jurisdiction to refer the subject-matter of a suit to an arbitrator when the decree passed in 'the suit was pending appeal before the High Court. Based upon s. 21, it was .urged before this Court that the reference made by the trial court, when the appeal was pending, and the award made in consequence of such reference, were both invalid as the trial court was .not competent to· 1118ke the order of reference. This Court rejected the said con- aention and .11fter a reference to ss. 2 ( c) and 21 of the Act held that the CXPfCSSion "Court" occurring in s. 21 includes also the Appellate C<>.utt, proceedings before which arc a continuance of the sui<t. It was further held that the word "suit" in s. 21 includes also appellate proceedings. In our opinion, applying the analogy of the above decision, the expression "Court" occurring in s. 14 (2) of the Act will have to be understood in the context in which it occurs. So understood, it follows that this Court is the Court under s. 14(2) where the arbitration Award could be validly field. The decision in Union of India v. Surjeet Singh Atwa/(1 )
relied on by Mr. Shroff, dealt with a different aspect and therefore, it is not necessary for !IS to refer to the same. The above reasoning leads us to the conclusion that the filing of the Award in this Court by the arbitrator was valid. and legal. The second contention of Mr. Shroll.will stand rejected. (I) [1960) 2 s.c.R. 209.
(2) (19691 2 S.C.R. 211. [1972) 3 S.C.R. The third contention of Mr. Shroff is that the arbitrator had no jurisdiction to award interest from a period anterior to the date of award or reference. Before we deal with this con- tention, it is necessary to refer to the findings of the arb!trator in his Award. Issues Nos. 6, 7 and 19 frame by the arbttrator and which are relevant on this aspect are as foilows:
"6 (a) Was the claimant entitled to the payment for supply as \veil as for erection on the total weight of 463.939 M. tons inclusive of electrodes ? 6 (b) If not, what are the weights on which the
price of supply and the erection charges are to be cal- culated. 7. What is due to the claimant from the respon- dent in respect of the supply and erection of the pen- stocks ? 19. Are any of the parties entitled to ill'lerest and/
or any other relief." On iss~ No. 6 (a) the arbitrator found that the firm was entitled to the same weight both for the calculation of price as well as for the price for erection and the said weight was 463.939 M. Tons inclusive of electrodes. In view of the above find- ing on issue No. 6(a), the arbitrator held that issue No. 6(1:5) does not survive. On issue No. 7 he found that for the price of supply and erection of 463.939 M. Tons at the rate specified in contract, the total price due
¢0 the firm comes to Rs. 12,15,520.18P. It was admitted before the arbitrator that the firm had been paid by the State of sum of Rs. 10,35,867/. In view of this admission the arbitrator found that the balance payable to the firm towards the price for supply and erection is Rs. 1,79,653.18 P.
On issue No. 19, the arbitrator found that the firm is entitled to interest at 9% per annum on the balance of Rs. 1,79,653.18 P. from June 7, 1958, the date on which the final inspection of the penstock took place. The interest was to be paid till the date of the decree. It is on the basis of the above findings that the arbitrator made the Award, the operative part of which has already been extracted in the earlier part of the judgment. The direction regarding the payment of Rs. 1,79,653.18 P. is
not challenged by the State. It is only the direction regarding the period fyom which interest is payable, that is under chailenge. The arbitrator has made the interest payable from June 7,
c r M.P. STATE v. SAITH" SKELTON (!,') LTD. (Vaidialingam, 1.) 243 1958, on the ground that it was the date on which final inspec- tion took place and when the amount become payable to the
respondent. Mr. Shroff referred us to a decision of the Judicial Com- mittee and to certain decisions of this Court to the effect that s. 34 of the Code of Civil Procedure will not apply to the pro- ceedings before an arbitrator, as he is not a Court and that inte- rest cannot be awarded by way ol damages. He further referred to those decisions in support of his contention. that in the absence of any usage or contract, express or implied, or of any provision of law, to justify the award of interest on an . amount for a period before the institution of the suit, interest anterior to the date of the suit' cannot be allowed. The decisions referred to by Mr. Shroff are Bengal Nagpur Raliway Company Limited v.
Ruttanji Ramji and others('), Seth 'J:hawardas Pherumal v. The Union of lndia(2), Mahabir Prashad Rungta v. Durga Datt('), Union of India v. A. L. Rallia Ram('), Vithal Das v. Rupchand and others(') and Union of India v. Bungo Steel Furniture Pvt. Ltd. (6). It is no doubt true that for awardil)g interest under the Interest Act, 1939, or u.nder s. 34 of the Code of Civil Procedure, certain circumstances must exist.
But one of the principles laid down is that interest prior to the institution of a suit can be awarded if there is any provision of a suit can be awarded if there is any provision of law to justify the award ol such interest. In the cases, referred to above, it is seen that there was neither any agreement pleaded for payment of interest; nor was any provision of law entitling the party to recover inte- rest prior to the period of the suit or arbitration proceedings, referred to or relied upon. Under such circumstances it was held that the arbitrator or a court had no power to award inte- rest prior to the date of the Award.
In Union of India v. Bungo Steel Furniture Pvt. Ltd.(") this Court recognised the power of an· arbitrator to award inte- rest on the amount of the award from the date of the award till the date ol the decree. According to Mr. Shroff, the power of the arblitrator to award interest is only from the date of the award and not for any period anterior to that date.
In Firm Madan/al Roshan/al Mahajan v. Hukamchand Mills Ltd. Indore('), the 'pOwer of the arbitrator, to whom the subject matter of a suit )lad l:J&en referred for arbitration, to award pendr ente lite intere5t 'was considered by this Court. It was held in (I) L.R. 65 I.A. 66.
(2) [19l5] 2 S.C.R, 48. (3) [1961] 3 S.C.R. 639. (4) (1964} 3 s.c.11.. 164. (S) [1966] Supp, S.C.R. 164. (6) [1967] I s.c.R. 324. (7) [1967) I S.C.R. 105. [1972] 3 S.C.R, the said decision that all the disputes in the suit were referred to the arbitrator for his decision. One of the disputes, so refer- r7'1,. was whether the respondent therein was entitled to pendente lite mterest. It was held that though in terms, s. 34 C.P .C. does not apply to the arbitration, it was an implied term of the refer- ence in: the suit that the arbitrator was to decide the dispute, according to law, to grant such relief with regard to pendente lite interest as the Court itself cowd give, if it decided the dispute. It was further held that such a power of the arbitrator was not fettered either by arbitration agreement or by the Act. The decision in Seth Thawardas Pherumal v. The Union of India(') distinguished on the ground that the said decision is silent on the ·question whether an arbitrator can award interest during the pen- dency of the arbitration proceedings, if all the disputes in ili;e suit including the olaim for interCllt were
referred for arbt- tion. From the decision in Firm Madan/al Roshanlol Mahajan v. Hukamchllnd Mills Ltd. Indore('), it is clear that if all the dis- putes are referred for arbitration, the arQitrator has power to award interest pendente ·lite, i.e. durini: the. pendency of the arbi- tration proceedings.
In the case before there is no controvery that all the disputes including a claim for payment of the amount with interest was referred to the arbitrator. The arbitrator, as pointed out earlier, found that the firm was entitled to the payment as price in the ~um of Rs. 1,79,653.18 P. The arbitrator has further found that this amount became payable as balance price for the goods sup- plied by the firm on June 7, 1958, on which date the final ins- pection took place. If that is so, section 61 of the Sate of Goods Act, 1930 squarely applies and it saves the right of the seller (in this case the !inn) to recover interest, where by law interest is recoverable.
Sub-section (2) of s. 61, which is material is as follows: "61 (2) In the absence of a contract to the contrary the Court may award interest at. such rate as it thinks fit on the amount of the price-
(a) to the seller in a suit by hinl for the amount of the price-from the· date of the tender of the goods or from the date on which the price was paya~e. (b) to the buyer in a suit by him for the .refund
of .the price in a case of a breach .of. the contract on the Part. of the seller-from the date on which the pay- ment was made." (I) (1959] 2 S.C.R. 48. (2) [1967] 1 s.c.R. JOS. c
c M.P. STATE v. SAITH & SKELTON (P) LTD. (Vaidialingam, 1.) 245 In the case before us, admittedly the contract does not pro- vide that no interest is payable on the amount that may be found due to any one of them. If so, it follows that the seller, namely, the firm is entitled to claim interest from the date on which the price became due and payable. The finding of the arbitrator in this case is that the price became payable on June 7, 1958. As held by this Court in Union of India v . .A.. L. Rallia Ram(1), which related to an arbitration proceeding, under sub-section (2) of s. 61, in the aooence of a contract to the contrary, the seller is eligible to be awarded interest on the amount of the price for the goods sold.
On this principle it follows that the award of inte- rest from June 7, 1958 is justified. If the contention of Mr. Shroff that under no circumstances anarbitrator ~an (!Ward interest prior to the date of the Award, or prior to the date of reference, is accepted, then the _positioo will be very anomalous. As an illustration, we may pomt oUt that there may be cases where the only question that is referred to the arbitrator is whether any of the parties is entitled to claim interest on the ·amount due to him from a date which may be Jong anterio.r to the date of reference. When such a question is referred to the arbitrator, naturally he has to decide whether the claim for award of interest from the date referred to by the parties is acceptable or not. If the arbitrator accepts that claim, he will be awarding interest from the date which will be Jong prior even _ to the date of reference.
Therefore, the question ultimately will be whether the dispute referred to the arbJitrator included the claim for interest from any particular period or whether the party is entitled by contract or usage or by a provision of law for interest from a particular date.
Mr. Shroff further contended that the award of interest at 9% per annum is exorbitant. The short answer for negativing this contention is that it is seen from the claim statement filed by both the appellant and .the respondent-firm that each of them claimed for payment of the amount, d11e to them with interest at 12% per annum under s. 61 of the Sale of Goods Act. There- fore, it follows tJ\at the rate of interest awarded is not excessive. As we have already held that the arbitrator has got power in this case to award interest from June 7, 1958 at the rate specifiea by him,
the third contention of Mr. Shroff will have to be rejected. The last contention of Mr. Shroff relates to the direction regard- ing the refund of Rs. 15,414.19 P. The contention is that this amount has already been taken Into account by the arbitrator when he directed the payment of Rs. 1,79,653.18 P. Mr. Shroff (I) (1964] 3 S.C.R. 164.
$UPREME COURT REPORTS [1972] 3 S.C.R:. was not able to satisfy us that the amount, directed to be paid ' as refund, has been already taken into account in the amount fixed as the balance price payable bfy the State. Therefore, this conten- tion also will have to be rejected.
Now that we have rejected all the contentions of Mr. Shroff raised in C.M.P. No. 5802 of 1971, it follows that the prayer ask- ed for therein cannot be granted. Now coming to C.M.P. No. 5801 of 1971, filed by the firm,
that application is accepted and a judgment and decree are passed on the basis of the Award as against the State is f11vour of the res- pondent-firm. The appellant State will pay to the respondent-firm a sum oi Rs. 1,79,653.18 P. with 9% per annum simple interest from June 7, 1958, till tl!e date of the decree and thereafter at 6% 1till the date of payment. The appellant State will also refund to the respondent-firm a sum of Rs. 15,414.19 P. which they have recovered from them as excess railway freight.
In the result, C.M.P. No. 5802'of 1971 will stand dismissed with costs. C.M.P. No. 5801 of 1971 is allowed wi~h costs. A decree as stated above will issue. V.P.S. c