STATE OF MySORE & ORS. v. V. K. KANGAN & ORS August 21, 1975 3 ii9 [A. N. RAY, C.J., K. K. MATHEW ANDY. V. CHANDRACHUD, JJI Land Acquisition Act-Seclion 4, Sec. 5-A and Sectivn 6.
Afadras Land Acquisition Rules 3{b). Afandatory or directory-Vaiidi1y of D notification whetl~er can be cliallt'llg- ed after u111"l·t1so1ulh/e lapse of ti111e. The respondents ar-e the owners of the land in question.
The land was sought to be acquired for an E.ngineering C-ollege at the instance of the Educa- tion Deparlment of the State of Mysore. Section 4 notification was issued in the y>ear 1960. After ·an enquiry into the objections filed under section SA the Land Acquisition Officer sent his report to the Government. Government over-ruled the objections and issued a notification under section 6. The Educa- tion Department at ,whose instance the land was sought to be acquired was not given notice as required by rule 3 (b) of 1vfadras Land Acquisition rules. The respondents filed a Writ Petition in the High Court challenging the validity of both the notifications on the ground that the Ed.ucation Department was not consulted. The High Court upheld the contention of the respondents and quashed the.notifications issued under sections 4 and 6 of the Act on the ~round that if the Department con~erned filed any reply pursuant to the notice issued, the objector would kn<;>w what the Departn1ent has stated by way of reply and at the stage of hearing of objections, the objector rni.ght adduce evidence or address arguments to meet what is staled in such reply. The objector could further urge before the Government that the reasons given by the department in reply to the objections should not be <iccepted.
On apix:al by Speciitl Leave it was contended by the appellant. 1. Rule 3 (b) is inconsistent wilh section SA (2) for the reasons that -.ub- section (2) of section SA provides for further enquiry in the discretion of the Collector and rule 3(b) if treated as n1andatory' would be to convert the discre- tionary po\ver into a mandatory duty and is, therefore, ultra ·vires the section. 2. The provisions. of rule 3{b) were not mandatory and that, therefore, failure to issue the notice to the departn1ent concerned was not fatal to the validity of the notifications.
HEW : 1. Si.'!ction 5A requires the C'Ollector to make a report after hearing the objections. It does not mean tha~· a rule cannot be framed which would enable the department concerned to place its view point before the Collector \\1hen considering the objection under ~>Cction SA. The proceedings of fhe Collector . are quasi-judicial and it is only pro~r that he should Pe apprised of the· attitude of the department requiring the land in the light of the objections .filed. It
would be l1elpful to the Government in making the decision to have before it the answer to the objection by the department in order to appreciate the. ri\-al view points. Rule 3(b) is not ultra vires Sectoin 5A.
[372F-H, 373A-CJ 2. In determining the question whether a provision is mandaj:ory or directory one n1ust look into the subiect matter and con'lidcr the importance of the provi- sion disregarded and the relation. of that provision to the general object i'ntendcd to be secured.
One has to consider the nature, the design and the co1,1seque111.:es which will follow from Construing a provision in ·one way or the other. Rule 3(b) was enacted for th•.:- purpose o_f enabling the Collector to have a11 the 3 70
[1976] I S.C.R. relevant .materials before hin1 for coining to a conclusi'on to be incorporated 1\ in the report to be sent to the Governn.le.nt in order to enable the Government -.. ~
to n1ake proper decision. The High Court was right in holding that the provi- sion was mandatory. [373C-F] The notification Under section 6 :was ciuashe<l but the notification under sec· tion 4 ?'a' upheld.
r373-G I CIVIL APPEAL No. 1021 or 1973 The respondents raised a further contention in the above appeal to the effect that notification under section 4 should be quashed since the public notice as required by section 4 is not given and _the report under section SA was not sent to the Government within the prescribed period.
HELD: The notification under ··5e;tion 4 was published on 13-4-1967. Objections were filed by the respondent u.nder section SA of the Act. The notifi- cation under section 6 was published in October 1968. The Writ Petition was filed in July 1969. The respondent was not entitled to challenge the validity of the notification under section 4 of the· Act as Writ Petition challenging the notifi- cation was filed after an. unreasonable lapse of time. The respondent should have challenged the validity of the notification under section 4 within a reason- able time of the publication of the notification. The respondent knew of the notification and filed objections under section 5A of the Act. There is no sub- stanc.e in the argument that the report under section SA was not sent to the Governn1ent within the prescribed period. In any event, sin:e a fresh enquiry i~ directed under section SA the Collector will in any event have to send a. tresh report to the Government.
[3740-Gl CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeals Nos. 1700 & 1827 and 1021 of 1973. Appeals by special leave from the judgment and orders dated the. 17-7-1972, 5-6-1972 and 8-8-1972 of the Mysore High Court in W.P.S. Nos. 1921/1969,, 2869/1967 & 3815/69 respectively.
L. N. Sinha, Solicitor General of India, Veerappa, Altai A/zmad, for the appellants (in Civil Appeal No. 1700/73). A. K. Sen, K. N. Bhat, for respondents (1-6 & 8-10) M. Veerappa & Alla/ Ahmad, for the appellant.
K. N. Bhat, for respondents 1-7 M. Veerappa, for the appellants. R. B. Datar, Jayashree Wad and Raien Yashpaul, for the pendent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Civil Appeals Nos. 1700 & 1827 of 1973
res- MATHEW J.-We take up for consideration Civil Appeal No. 1827 of 1973. Th~ respondents arc the owners of the lands in question. c c STATE OF MYSORE v. v. K. KANGAN (Mathew, J.)
They were sought to be acquired for the Regional Engineering College at the instance of the Education Department of the Seate of Mysore. In a notification under s. 4 of the Lan<! Acquisition Act (hereinafter called the 'Act') dated S-1-1960 and published in the Mysore Gazette dated S-S-1960, it was stated that in view of the urgency of the cas".• the provisions of s. SA of the Act shall not apply to the case. The respondents challenged the notification in a writ petition (No. 768 of 1960 ). When the writ petition· came up for final disposal, a memo was produced on behalf of the State Govermnent and the Court. on the basis of the Memo, dismissed !Jie writ petition.
The memo was to this effect : "The respondent agrees to modify the impugned notifica- tion issued under Section 4( 1) read with Section 17 of the Land Acquisition Act and to give an opportunity to th~ peti- tioner of being heard under Section S-A of the Act. Hence
the relief sought for by the petitioner becomes unneccs&ary." The Special Land Acquisition Officer, Mangalore, issued notices to the respondents stating that the respondents will be given opportunity to file objections under s. SA of the Act pursuant to the order in Writ Petition No. 768 of 1960. The respondents filed their objections and, after an inquiry, the Land Acquisition Officer sent his report to the Govermnent. The Government considered the report and over ruled the objections. This was followe.d by a notification under s. 6 of the Act. The respondents challenged the above notification as well as the nolification under s. 4 by a writ petition in the High Court. The respondents attacked the validity of the notifications orf the ground that the Education Department at whose instance the land was sought to be acquired was not given notice as required under rule 3 (b) of the Madras Land Acquisition Rules as in force in the Madras area of the State of Mysore at the time of inquiry under s. SA and that since the requirement of notice as enjoined by rule 3 (b) was mandatory, the failure to comply with that requirement rendered the notifications under sections 4 and 6 of the Act invalid.
The High Court by its order upheld the contention of the res- pondents and quashed the notifications issued under s. 4 and s. 6 of the Act. It is against this order that the appeal has been filed by special leave by the State of Karnataka and the Special Land Acqui- sition Officer, Mangatore .
The only point which arises for consideration is whether the pro- visions of rule 3(b)were mandatory and therefore the failure to issue the notice to the department concerned as enjoined by the rule was fatal to the validity 0£ the notifications under sections 4 and 6 of the Act.
The reasons which impelled the High Court to coine to that con· clusion were. if the Department to which a notice is issued files any reply by way of answer to the objections, the objector will know what the Department has stated by way of reply and, at the stage· of hearing of .objections, he (the objector) may adduce evidence or address arguments to meet what has been stated· in such reply, and that the objectors will have an opportunity of urging before the Govern- ment that the reasons given by the Department in the reply to the objections should not be accepted.
Rule 3 reads : "R. 3 Hearing of objection : (a) If a statement or objections (is?) filed after the due date or by a person who is not interested in the !and it shall be summarily rejected. (b) If any objections are received
from a person interested in the land and within the time prescribed in sub- section ( l) of s. 5A, the Collector shall fix a date for hearing the objections and give notice thereof to the objector as well as to the department or company requiring the land, where
such department is not the Revenue Department; Copi~s of the objections shall also be forwarded to such department or company. The department or company may file on or before the date fixed by the collector a statement by way of answer to the objections and may also depute a representative to
attend the enquiry." The learned -Solicitor General, appearing on behalf of tlle appellants submillcd that rule 3(b) is inconsistent with s. 5A(2) for the reasou that s. 5A(2) itself provides for making further inquiry which the Colledor thinks necessary after considering the objections filed by the owner or the person interested in the land and to read rule 3(b) as casting a mandatory duty upon him to give notice of the objection to the Department requiring the land and to consider the answer to the objection, if any, filed by the Department would be contrary to the section. The argument was that when sub-section (2) ot s- 5A provides for further inauiry in the discretion ol the Collector, a rule making it mandatory that the Deputy Commissioner (the Collec- tor) should give notice of the objectiori to the department concerned and consider its ans~r to the objection would be to convert a dis- cretionary power into a mandatory duty and is therefore ultra vires the section.
We do not think that the contention is right. What the material provision of s. 5A(2) savs is that "the Collector shall give the objector an opportunity of being heard either in person or by pleader and shall after hearing all such objections and after making such further enquiry if any as he thinks necessary". This does not mean that a rule cannot be framed by the rule-making-authority for the guidance of the Deputy Commissioner (the Collector) which would enable the Department concerned to place its view-point before him when con- '1dering the objection under s. SA.
The proceedings of the Colle<:tm are qua,i-jn<licial and it is only proper that he should be apprisec of the attitude of the department requiring the land in the light of the objections filed.
If the department requiring. the land thinks, in the light of the objection. that the land sought to be acquired is not necessary for the purpose for which it was required to be acquired or that more suitable land is available in the vicinity, it is only fair that • -+-
c . -· . c .iiIAIE OF MYSORE v. v. K. KANGAN (Mathew, J.) 3 7 3 the Deputy Commissioner (Collector) is informed about it. The answer of the department to the objection filed by the objector, even if adverse to the objector, would, at any rate, enable the Collector lo bring a more informed and rational approach to the controversy before him.
The Collector has to send Ws recoml!lendation to Govern- ment on the basis of his finding together with the record of the pro- ceedings for the ultimate decision by the Government. It would be
nelpful to the Government in making the decision to have before it the amwer to the obiection bv the. department in order to appreciate the rival view points. We do not think that rule 3(b) was ultra vires the section.
We also think that the Government when it framed the rule had irr mind that the Deputy Commissioner (Collector) should follow it while functioning under s. 5A(2 l and so the requirement of the rule
was mandatory. In determining the question whether a provision is mandatory or directory, one must look into the subject matter and consider the importance of the provision disregarded and the relation of that pro- vision to the general object intended to be secured.
No doubt, all laws are mandatory in the sense they impose the duty to obey on those who come within its purview. But it does not follow that every departure from it shall taint the proceedings with a fatal blemish. The determination of the question whether a provision is mandatory or directory would, in the ultimate analysis, depend upon the interit of the law maker.
And that has to be gathered not only from the phraseology of the provision but also by considering its nature, its d~sign and the consequences which would follow from construing it in one way or the other.
We see no reason why the rule should receive a permissible interpretation instead of a pre~em,ptory con- struction. As we said, the rnle was enacted for 1he purpose of en- abling the Deputy Commissioner (Land Acquisition Collector) to have all the relevant materials before hin1 for coming to a conclusion to be incorporated in the report to be sent to the Government in order to enable the Government to make the proper decision. In Lonappan v. Sub-Collector of Pa/ghat<') the Kerala High Court took the view that the requirement of the rule regarding the giving of notice to the department concerned was mandatory.
The view of the Madras High Court in K. V. Krishna Iyer v. The State of Madras(2) is also much the same. We think that the High Court was right in its conclusion that the requirement of the rnle was mandatory. We quash the proceedings of the Collector (Special Land Acquisition Officer, 2nd appellant) under s. 5Al2) as also the decision of the Government on the basis of foe report of the Collector under the sub-section.
The re:;ult is that the notification under s. 6 has to be quashed and we do so. But we sec no reason to quash the notification under s. 4. We direct the Collector (2nd appellant) to proceed
with the inquiry on the basis of the objections already filed under s. SA after ——– (1) A. I. R. 1959 Kerala 343. (2) (l967) 2 Madras Lr.w Journal 422. [1976] I S.C.R. giving notice to the department concerned viz .. the Euucation D<part- mcnl and after allowing it an opportunity to file an
<lllSWer to the · –i- · objection. We dismiss the appeal subject to the modification indicated. No costs. The facts and circumstan<:es in Civil Appeal No. 1700 of are similar to those in Civil Appeal No. 1827 of 1973, the only
difference being that the rule which falls to be considered is rule S(2) frnmed bv the Government of Mysore under s. SS of the Act. That rule is similar to rule 3(b) of the Madras rule. For the reasons given in the judgment in Civil Appeal No. 1827 of 1973, Ne dismiss Civil Appeal No. 1700 of 1973 also with the modification indicated therein «nd without any order as to costs.
Civil Appeal No. 1021 of 1973 The facts in this appeal are similar to those in the two Civil Appeals referred ·to above and the decision there will govern the decision here. But counsel for the respondent in this appeal said that the noti- fication under s. 4 should be auashed in respect of pmpertics involved in this appeal for the reasons that public notice had not been given as reauired in s. 4 of the Act, that the report under s. SA was not sent to the Government within the prescribed period, that the High Court failed to pass upon these questions and that the case must therefore be remitted to the High Court.
The notification under s. 4 was published on 13-4··1967. Objec- tion,; were filed bv the resp0ndent under s. SA of the Act. The Deputy Commissioner submitted his report to the Government. The Govern- ment over ruled the objections.
The notification under s. 6 was published in the gazette on 19-10-1968. The Writ Petition chnlleng- ing the validity of the notifications was filed some time in July or August, 1969. We do not think that the respondent was entitled to challenge the validitv of the notification under s. 4 of the Act as the Writ Petition challenging the notification was filed after an unreasonable lapse of time. If public notice as required by s. 4 of the Act was not given and that would per se vitiate the notification untler s. 4, the appellant should have challenged its validity wlifhin a reasonable time of the publication of the notification.
The respondent knew of the notification and filed objection under s. SA of the Act. In these cir- cumstances we see no reason to accept the submission of counsel. ,we also see uo substance in the argument of the counsel that the report drawn up under s. 5A{2) was not sent to .the
Gov~mm~nt within the time prescribed and therefore the proceedmgs were mvahd. We have directed a fresh inquiry by the Deputy Commissioner (Collector) under s. SA and therefore, the Deputy Commissioner will in any event have to send a fresh report to the Government. In this view we do not think that there is any ground for remitting the case to the. High Court, simply because the High Court failed to consider these points.
The appeal is dismissed with the modification indicated in the two appeals referred to above. No costs. P.H.P. Appe{lls dismissed. \.,… c