Stpttmbr 6 [1955] SHRI S. ELECTION SUCHETA KRIPALANI ti. DULAT, I.C.S., CHAIRMAN OF THE TRIBUNAL, DELHI AND OTHERS. [VIVIAN BosE, BHAGWATI, JAGANNADHADAS, B. P. SINHA and JAFER IMAM JJ.]
Election Dispute-Election petition by unsuccessful rival-A/le- gations of r12ajo1· co"upt practices and falsity in the return of election expenses against the returned candidate-Return of election expenses found defective and returned candidate disqualified by the Election Commission-Removal of such disqualification on lodging of fresh re- turn-furisdiction
of Election Tribuna/_:_If competent to inquire into identical allegations of falsity against the second return-Repre· sentation of the People Act (XL/II of 1951), s. 143-The Representa· tion of the People (Conduct of Elections and Election Petitions) Rules, 1951, rule 114(4), (5) and (6).
The provisions of the Representation of the People Act and the Rules framed thereunder assign distinct and different jurisdictions to the Election Commission and an Election Tribunal so far as a
Re.turn of election expenses is concerned. Where there are allegations of major corrupt practices and a Tribunal constituted is in lawful seisin Of the dispute, s. 143 of the Act gives it the sole jurisdiction and makes it incumbent on it to in- quire into the falsity of any particulars mentioned in
the return where such falsity is alleged and brought into issue and is reason- ably connected with the major corrupt practices. What the Election Commission has to do under Rule 114( 4) is to satisfy itself that the return is in the prescribed form. It is no
part of its function to inquire into the correctness of any particulars mentioned therein. That question can only arise when some one raises a dispute and brings the matter into issue.
Consequently, in a case where, as in the present, the Election Commission removed the disqualification it had imposed on the re- turned candidate for lodging a defective return of election expenses on the lodging of a fresh return; Held, that the decision of the Elec- tion Commission removing the disqualification attaching to the first return in no way precluded the
Tribunal from inquiring into the falsity of the particulars in the second return although they were identical with those challenged in the first return; that the removal of the disqualification only
meant that the accepted return was the only valid return, being the first to be cor- rect in form, and the Tribunal had only that return before it. ———– 2 S.C.R. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No.
139 of 1955. . suC11efa- Kri'p~lani Appeal under Articles 132and 133 of the Constitu- tion of India against the Judgment and Order dated the 23rd December 1953 of the High Court of Judi-
cature for the State of Prinjab,in Civil \Vrit Applica- tion No. 24 of 1953.L_____ ·;- 0 • . ~: 1-tl -. . . N. 0. Chatterjee·, (R. S. N!irula, with him) for the appellant. . . . · . . . ·
a:s. Pathak and Veda Vyds',-(Ganpat :R~i, ~ith them), for respondent No. 5 "" . -~- ·- .. · i955. Septe~ber, 6.' The ·Judgment _of the Court was delivered by • ,. · · ·, BosE J.-· The proceedings that have given rise fo
this appeal arise out of an·eJection petition liefore the Election Tribunal; Delhi. . · .. ' · The appellant Shrimati Sucheta·Kripalani together with the contesting respondent Shrimati Manmohirii
Sahgal and others were candidates for· election to the House of the People from the Parliamentary ,Con- . stituency of New Delhi. The polling took place on – 14th January, 1952, and when the' votes.were counted
on 18th January, 1952; it was foun·d that the appel- lant had secured the largest number of votes an_d that the contesting respondent 1\Ianmohlni came next; The appellant '.was accordingly notified as the returned
candidate on 24th January, 1952. · · . On 6th ~larch, 1952, ·the appellant filed her return of election expenses. This was found to· be defective, and on .17th April, 1952, tlie Election· Commission
published a notification in the Gazette of India dis-· qualifying the appellant under Rule·ll4(5) of the Re- presentation of the People (Conduct of Electio_ns and Election Petitioris) Rules, 1951, ori the ground that
she had · · . · · '•-" • · : · · _ : "failed to lodge the rel urn' of election expenses in the manner required" and that she· had· thereby "incurred the disqualifications under clause (c)
of section 7 and section 143 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951':, _ ·v. Sh~i S.S.- Duiat~ I.C.S., Chairman Of the Eiection Tribunal~ Delhi ·and others Sru;hlta Jrripalairi
Sht'i S. S. Dulal, J.C.S., Chairman of the El<di°" T ribunol, Ddhi and oth"s Bose]. [1955] In view of this the appellant submitted a fresh return with an explanation under Rule 114(6) on 30th
April, 1952. This was accepted . by the Commission and on 7th May, 1952, it published a notification in the Gazette of India under Rule 114(7) stating that the disqualification had been removed.
In the meanwhile, on 7th April, 1952, the contest- ing respondent Manmohini filed an election petition praying that the appellant's election be declared void and that she (the petitioner) be declared to have been
duly elected. It will be noticed that this was before 17th April, 1952, the date on which the Election Com- mission disqualified the appellant. The validity of the election was attacked on many grounds.
A num- ber of major corrupt practices were alleged and the return which the appellant had filed on 6th March, 1952, of her election expenses' was challenged as a minor corrupt practice on two grounds :
(1) that the return was false in material particulars and (2) that it was not in accordance with the rules and so was no return at all in the eye of the law. Particulars of the instances
in which the return was challenged as false were then set out. The appellant filed her written statement in reply on 7th October, 1952. It will be noticed that this was after she had put in her second return and after the
Election Commission had removed the disqualification due to the first return. Her reply was as follows : (I) That as the disqualification with respect to the return of her election expenses had been removed
by the Election Commission under section 144 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, this question could not be reopened; (2) That a minor corrupt practice which cannot vitiate
an election and which is not capable of materially affecting an election is wholly outside the scope of a proper election petition and so no cogni- sance of. it can be taken by the Election Tribunal;
(3) That only such matters can be put in issue as arc necessary to decide whether the election of the returned candidate fo liable to be set aside within the meaning of section 100(2) of the Act.
2 S.C.R The contesting respondent Manmohini filed a repli- cation on 15th October, 1952. In it she said:- (1) that the Election Commission did hot and could not decide whether the return was or was not
false in material particulars and so the question was still open. (This had reference to the first return dated 6th March, 1952.) ; (2) that in any event "even the revised return is false in material parti-
culars and the objections with regard to the original return also apply exactly with regard to the revised return". The broad propositions of law raised by points (2) and (3) in the appellant's written statement were also.
denied. Then followed an item by item reply to the allegations made by the appellant in the list which she had appended to her written statement. That lisc was a reply to the particulars
of false return and corrupt practices furnished by the contesting respon- deilt Manmohini. It is evident then that Manmohini attacked the second return on exactly the same grounds
as the first and furnished the same parti- culars. Now we have spoken of these returns as the first and the second. But counsel on both sides agreed be- fore us that the first return was in fact no return at
all in the eye of the law and that therefore the con- testing respondent's real attack was on the second re- turn which must be regarded as the only return wi1ich the law will recognise as a valid return. It was agreed
that there cannot be two returns of expenses: either the one originally filed is amended or it is treated as a null- ity so far as it purports to be a return. In view of this agreement,
it is not necessary for us to express any opinion on the matter and we will concentrate our attention on what, for convenience, we will continue to call the second return. The first point that now arises is whether the deci-
sion of the Election Commission to remove the dis- qualification attaching to the first return precludes an enquiry into the falsity of the second return simply because the respondent Manmohini alleged
that the 1955· Sue hi ta K ripalart v. Shri S. S. Dulat, I.C.S., Chairmart of lire Ek&tion Tribunal, Delhi and others Bose]. llwhtla Kripal<uii v. Slwi S. S. Dulal, 1.c.s., Ch.airman
of '"' Ellai.,. 1" ri/Junal Delhi and others [1955] particulars of the falsity are exactly the same as before. Our answer to that is No. If the first return is no return in the eye of the law, then the only re-
turn we are concerned with is the second and that must be treated in the same way as it would have been if it had been the only return made. If there had been no other return and this
return had been challenged on the grounds now raised, it is clear that the truth of the allegations made would have to be enquired into. That enquiry cannot be shut out simply because
the allegations against the second return .. happen to be exactly the same in the matter of its falsity as in the case of the first return. We are therefore of opinion that the jurisdiction
of the Tribunal to enquire into these matters was not ousted on that account. Opr reasons for this are these. Section 76 of the Act requires every candidate to file a return of election expenses in a particular form
containing certain prescribed particulars. The form and particulars are set out in the Rules. Section 143 prescribes the penalty for failure to observe those requirements. It is disqualification.
This ensues if there is a "default" in making the return. It also ensues:- "if such a return is found …….. upon the trial of an election petition under Part VI …….. to be false in any material particular".
That places the matter beyond doubt. The trial of an election petition is conducted by an Election Tribu- nal and this section makes it incumbent on the Tribu- nal to enquire into the falsity of a return when that
is a matter raised and placed in issue and the allega- tions are reasonably connected with other allegations about a major corrupt practice. The jurisdiction is that of the Tribunal
and not of the Election Com- mission. The duty of the Election Commission is merely to decide under Rule 114(4) wh~ther any candi- date has, among other things, "failed to lodge the return of election expenses ….
m the manner required by the Act and these rules''. It is a question of form and not of substance. lf 2 S.C.R. the return is in proper form no question of falsity can arise unless somebody raises the issue. If it is raised,
the allegations will be made in some other document by some other person and the charges so preferred will be enquired into by the Tribunal. If the return is not in proper form, disqualification
ensues but the Election Commission is invested with the power to remove the disqualification under Rule 114(6). If it does, the position becomes the same as it would have been had the Election
Commission decided that the form was proper in the first instance. That would still leave the question of falsity for determination by the Tribunal in cases where the issue is properly raised.
Mr. Chatterjee contended on behalf of the appel- lant that we were not concerned with the second return in this appeal and strongly protested against Mr. Pathak being allowed to argue this
point. But that has been the main bone of contention almost from the start. When the election petition was filed, there was only one return to attack. The second had not been put in. Later, when it was put in, the contest-
ing respondent, Manmohini, attacked both and the appellant herself said that questions about the falsity of the return could not be gone into because of the Election Commission's order removing the
disqualifi- cation. That argument applies as much to the second as to the first return and raises an issue about the respective jurisdictions of the Election Commission and the Election Tribunal on this point.
The Tribu- nal decided against the appellant on this point and held, as we do, that the Election Commission was not concerned with the issue of fact about the falsity of the return.
The appellant then filed a petition under article 226 to the High Court and questioned the Tribunal's jurisdiction to enquire into the issue of falsity. The High Court upheld the Tribunal's
decision and the appellant pursued the matter here both in her grounds of appeal and in her statement of the case. She cannot at this stage ask us to leave Suto Kripalani Sltri S. S. Du/al,
1.c.s., C/iainun oftlwEUdittti T mllllal, Dllhi 4lld olhm Bm]. Sueheta Kripalani Yo Slwi S. S. Dulat, l.C.S., Chairman °"' tht Election T ribMnal, Dtlhi and others Bose J. [1955) the matter open so that she can come here again and
re-agitate this question. We accordingly overrule Mr. Chatterjee's objection. The next question argued was whether an Election Tribunal can enquire into a minor corrupt practice if it is of such a
nature that, standing by itself, it could not have been made the basis of an election . petition because it could not materially affect the result of the election. We need not go into that be-
cause the question is purely academic in this case. The allegation about the minor corrupt practice does not stand by itself. There are also allegations about major corrupt practices which require
investigation and the minor corrupt practices alleged are reason- ably connected with them. Section 143 of the Act is a complete answer to the question of the Tribunal's jurisdiction on this point when it is properly seised of
the trial of an election petition on other grounds. Whe- ther it could be properly seised of such a trial if this had been the only allegation, or if the minor corrupt practice alleged was not reasonably connected with the
other allegations about major corrupt practices, doe> not therefore arise. As the trial is proceeding on the other matters the' Tribunal is bound under section 143, now that the issue has been raised, also to enquire
into the question of the falsity of the return. With- out such an enquiry it cannot reach the finding which section 143 contemplates. We need not look into the other sections which
were touched upon in the argu- ments and in the Courts below because section 143 is clear and confers the requisite jurisdiction when a trial is properly in progress. The appellant has failed on every question of sub-
stance that she raised. There was some vagueness in the Election Tribunal's order about which of the two returns formed the basis of the enquiry on this point but even if the Tribunal intended
to treat the first return as the basis that did not really affect the sub- stance because exactly the same allegations are made about the second return and the issue of fact would
therefore have to be tried in any event. The appel- 2S.C.R. lant's whole enc!-eavour was to circumvent such an enquiry and oust the Tribunal's jurisdiction. In that she has failed,
so she will pay the contesting rcspon- dent' s costs throughout. The appeal fails and is dismissed with costs all through. TIRATH SINGH ti. BACHITT AR SINGH AND OTHERS [S. R. DAs, ACTING C. J. and VENKATARAMA
AYYAR J.] Election Dispute-Election petition-Contents alleged to be vague and wanting in particulars-Mainu1inability-Naming of persons for disqualification-Recommendation for exemption from disqualifi- cation-Notice-Jurisdiction of the Tribunal-The Representation of the People Act (XLIII of 1951), ss. 83, 99(1)(a) proviso.
Where the respondent in an election petition contended that the allegations in the election petition were vague and wanting in particulars, but did not call for any particulars which it was open to him to do and was not found to have been misled or in any way prejudiced in his defence, it \Vas not open to him to contend that the petition was liable to be dismissed for non-compliance with the provisions of s. 83 of the Act.
Clauses (a) and (b) of the proviso to s. 99 of the Representation of the People Act read together leave no scope for doubt that clause (a) contemplates notice only to such persons as were not parties to the election petition and it is, therefore, not obligatory on the Tribunal under cl. (a) to issue notices on such persons as were parties in order that it may name them for disqualification under sub-clause (ii) of s. 99(l)(a) of the Act. Clause (b) to the proviso
obviously has the effect of excluding such persons as have already had the opportunity of cross-examining ·witnesses, calling evidence and of being heard, which the clause seeks to afford.
The Indian and the English Law on the matter arc substantially the same. Ke.rho Ram v. Hazura Singh, [1953] 8 Election Law Reports 320, overruled. The jurisdiction that sub-clause (ii) of s. 99(1)(a) of the Act confers on the Tribunal for making recommendation for exemption 11-83 S. C, India/59.
Sw:lrda Kripalani v. Shri S. S. Dulat, I.C.S., Chairman 4 the Ekction T ribunaJ, Delhi and others Bose]. <;tpkmb1r 15