SUPER FORGINGS AND STEELS'( SALES) PVT.LTD. v. THY AMBALL Y RASULJEE (DEAD) THROUGH LRS. DECEMBER 1, 1994 [K. RAMASWAMY ANDN. VENKATACHALA, JJ.] Tamil Nadu Building (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960 Section 10 (3) (a) (iii)- Eviction petition under.:_ Landlord, for purposes of carrying on his business occupying, a non-residential building, of which he is a co- owner- Whether such a building can be regarded as 'his own' envisaged uls JO (3) (a) (iii)- Held, Yes- landlord cannot claim benefit of ground of eviction available u/s JO (3) (a) (iii).
Constitution of India-Article 136- Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960- Section JO (3) (a) (iii)- Eviction order under- D Appeal- Events and developments subsequent to institution of eviction proceedings- Power of Supreme Court in appeal under Article 136 to take congnizance of such events and developments and mould relief sought. The landlord filed a petition against the tenant on the ground available to him u/s 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Tamil Nadu Building (Lease E and Rent Control) Act, 1960, for eviction of the tenant from the petition non-residential building. The petitioner submitted that he was carrying on business in the name and style of a partnership firm at non-residential building, taken on rent, not being his own and there is a threat of eviction. The petitioner further stated that he is not in occupation of any building of his own for the business which he is F carrying on. Eviction order was made by the Rent Controller holding that the facts constituting the ground of eviction u/s 10 (3) (a) (iii) were satisfactorily established. Both the appeal and revision filed against the order of eviction were dismissed~ Hence this appeal.
Certain developments took place during the pendency or the G present appeal. After an order was made by this Court granting special leave to appeal from eviction order, partnership business which was carried on by the landlord at the rented non-residential building came to be shifted to another non-residential building. Landlord died and partnership business of the firm came to be carried on by some of its partners who were brought on record as L. R.'s of deceased landlord. H (1994] SUPP. 6 S.C.R
A ·On an enquiry held by this Court it was disclosed that the partnership of which the deceased landlord and his sons were the partners had become the partnership of respondents, the sons of the deceased landlord and that respondents are the co-owners of non-residential building in which the business was now shifted and that they also became the co-owners of the petition non-residential building, on the demise of the original landlord, as his heirs.
c In view of these facts which had emerged as a result of developments in the case during the pendency of the present appeal, the main question that required consideration and decision w.as, whether the sons of the deceased landlord who, as co-owners of a non-residential building are carrying on the business of their partnership in that non- residential building be regarded as landlords not occupying a non- residential building in the city which is their own, for obtaining u/s 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act, possession of the petition non-residential building of which also they are co-owners.
It was contended on behalf of the tenant that a landlord occupying for purpose of carrying on his business a non-residential building, of which he is a co-owner could not claim the benefit of ground of eviction available u/s 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act against a tenant in a non- residential building of which he is an owner or a co-owner. The respondents submitted that a landlord who is ~ co-owner of non- residential building where he carried on his business, not being its sole owner, such building could not be regarded as 'his own' envisaged u/s 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act as would disentitle him to the benefit of the ground of eviction, available thereunder.
It was also argued on behalf of the respondents that even if the non-residential· building where respondent 1, the original landlord was carrying on the partnership business of the firm, for the carrying on of which he wanted to get possession of the non-residential building in occupation of the appellant- tenant had come to be owned by respondents 2 to 11 because of the death of respondent- 1 during the pendency of the present appeal, they could not be denied the benefit of eviction order under appeal got by the deceased u/s 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act.
Allowing the appeal, this Court HELD : I.I A non-residential building in occupation of landlord which is 'his own' envisaged in Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Tamil Nadu
Building (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960, is not only that of which A .he is an absolute owner, but also that of which he is a co-owner, for a co-owner of a building who is its landlord is regarded under the Rent Control Laws of our country as its owner entitled to obtain possession of such a building from a tenant for his bonafide requirement. [236 CJ 1.2 The respondents, who were carrying on the business of B partnership in non-residential building of which they were co-owners could be regarded as landlords, who were occupying their own non- residential building envisaged under clause (iii) of Section 10 (3) (a) of the Act, as would disentitile them to retain the benefit of the eviction order made by the Rent Controller against the tenant in respect of the petition non-residential building at the instance of the deceased – respondent-1, for carrying on his business on the ground that he did not occupy bis own non-residential building for the purpose. Consequently, the eviction order of the Rent Controller as affirmed by the .Appellate Authority and the High Court, which was. under challenge in this appeal is set aside taking into consideration the developments which had taken place during its pendency in this court. (237 D to F]
Sri Ram Pasricha V Jagannath and Ors., (1977) 1 SCR 395, relied on. 1.3 Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act confers a right on a landlord to take advantage of the ground available thereunder to evict his/her E tenant from a non-residential building. The right conferred under that provision·of the Act is not an accrued right. Therefore, if a landlord under the Act obtains an eviction order in respect of a non residential building against the tenant taking advantage of the right conferred upon him in that regard u/s 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act such eviction order does not create in him an indefeasible vested right when it bas not F become final and conclusive, having become the subject of an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution, where this Court bas the power to annual such eviction order, iftbe circumstances so warrant. [238 D, E]
1.4 The power of the Supreme Court in an appeal under Article G 136 of the Constitution to take cautious cognizance of events and developments subsequent to institution of eviction proceedings and grant, deny mould the relief sought by a party, in consonance with justice and fair play is not restricted merely because it is exercising its power to deal with an appeal conferred upon it by the Constitution. [239 F] H
c (1994] SUPP. 6 S.C.R 1.5 In the instant case, respondents 2 to 11 became disentitled to obtain eviction order u/s 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act because they were the co-owners of a non residential building, where they were .carrying on · the business of partnership for carrying on which business the deceased respondent- 1 had sought eviction of the appellant- tenant from another non-residential building of which also respondents 2 io 11 had become the co-owners after the demise of respondent-I. Thus, the subsequent developments which had arisen during the pendency of the present appeal warrant the setting aside of the eviction order which was questioned in appeal. [2~9 H, 240 A]
Abbott V Minister for Land (1895) AC 425 and Kanaya Ram and Ors., v. Rajender Kumar and Ors., (1985) 1 SCC 436, relied on. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1754 of 1982.
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22-12-81 of the Madras High Court in C. RP. No. 1923of1981). E. C. Agarwala and Anant Palli for the Appellant. Ambdsh Kumar for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by VENKA T ACHALA, J. This is a tenant's appeal by special leave granted under Article 136 of the Constitution. It is directed against the Judgment and order dated 22-12-1981 of the High Court of Judicature at Madra8 in CRP No. 1923of1981 by which an eviction order made by the courts below against the tenant/appellant under Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960 "the Act'', was affirmed.
'G Messrs Fakruddin and Company is a partnership firm the business of ·which was formerly carried on by Thyabally Rasuljee, respondent-I at non residential building No. 155 Linghi Chetty Street, Madras taken on rent, not being his own.
Messrs Super Forgings and Steels Ltd, a company registered under the Indian Companies Act is the tenant, which was carrying on its business in a non-residential building No. 118, Linghi Chetty Street, Madras-''the petition non- residential building" of which respondent-I was the landlord. The landlord filed a petition against the tenant on the ground available to him under Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act before the Rent Controller ~t
Madras for eviction of the tenant from the petition non-residential building, A by stating the facts which constituted the said ground, thus : "The petitioner submits that he is carrying on business in the name and style of Messrs Fakruddin and Company which is a
partnership firm at No. 155 ( Old No.307) Linghi Chetty Street, G. T. Madras-I, which is a rented building and there is B a threat of eviction. The petitioner is not in occupation of any building of his own for the business which he is carrying on anywhere in the City of Madras."
Since it was found by the Rent Controller that the facts constituting the said ground of eviction under Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act, on which C the landlord had sought eviction of ·the tenant from the petition non- residential building were satisfactorily ~stablished, eviction order was made by him in respect of the petition non-residential building. Though, that eviction order was challenged by the tenant before the Appellate Authority and the High Court, in appeal and revision, respectively, both the appeal and revision were dismissed -by judgements and orders made in them. The D present appeal by special leave, filed by the tenant in the year 1982 is directed against the said eviction order of the Rent Controller and judgements and orders of the Appellate ~uthority and the High Court. Certain developments which have 1*en place during the pendency of the present appeal in this Court, need mention here as they directly bear on E the case unaer appeal :- That in the year 1984, after an order was made by this Co~ on 29-4-I 982, granting special leave to appeal from eviction order of the Rent Controller and the judgements and orders of the Appellate Authority and the High Court and granting stay of eviction order operating against the tenant, partnership business of Mis.
Fakruddin and Company which was carried on by respondent- I at the rented non-residential building F No. 155 Linghi Chetty Street, Madras came to be shifted to non-residential building No. 151, Linghi Chetty Street, Madras. Respondent-I in the present appeal, who was the landlord since died on 16-8-1985, that partnership business of Mis Fakruddin and Company, came to be carried on by some of its partners who are some of the respondents 2 to I I in this G appeal, brought on record as L. R.'s of deceased respondent-I. When the said developments were brought to the notice of a Divisions Bench of this Court presided over by one of us (Ramaswamy, J.), before which the: present appeal had come up for hearing on 29.9.1993, an order was made directing the Small Causes Court, Madras, to hold an enquiry into matters relating to the ·partners who are carrying on the business of Messrs H c
Fakruddin and Company after the demise of respondent-I the owners of non-residential building No. I 5 I Linghi Chetty Street, Madras, where the business of Mis. Fakruddin and Company is presently carried on, its partners who had become the owners of the petition non-residential building after the death of its owner r~spondent-1 and the owners of non- residential building No. 15I, Linghi Chetty Street, Madras, and to submit a report on the question specified therein. On an enquiry held by the Court of Small Causes at Madras, . pursuant to the said order, the report dated 4.4.1994 is sent by it to this Court. The true facts disclosed in that report, which were not controverted, before us are :
(i) that the partnership business of Mis Fakruddin & Company which was carried on by the deceased landlord respondent-I, in rented building No.I55, which was not his own, was shifted .in the year I 984 to non-residential building No.15 I, Linghi Chetty Street Madras;
(ii) that the partnership of Mis. Fakruddin and Company, of which respondent- I the father and respondents 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9, the sons were the partners, has become the partnership of sons of the deceased respondent-I, i.e. respondents 5, 6 and 9, Rashida, the wife of respondent-5, Sara, the wife of the respondent-6, Farida the wife of respondent-9 and respondent-I I Sugrabai the wife of deceased respondent-I– the active partners out of them being respondents 5, 6 and 9, the sons of deceased respondent-I; (iii) that respondents-2 to IO are the co-owners of non-residential building No.I5I; Linghi Chetty Street, Madras after its purchase which had taken place even before filing of the eviction petition by the landlord, respondent-I against the tenant-appellant for its eviction from non-residential building No.118, Linghi Chetty Street, Madras;
(iv) that the petitioners-2 to I I became the co-owners of the non- residential bqilding No. I I8, Linghi Chetty Street, Mdras- the petition non-residential building on the demise of respondent-I; as his heirs.
Because of the said true facts disclosed from the report of the Court of Small Causes at Madras which have emerged as a result of developments in the case during the pendency of the present appeal, the main question that needs our consideration and decision is, whether respondents-5, 6, and 9,
the sons of the deceased respondent- I who, as co-owners of non·resiedntial A buidling No. 151, Linghi Chetty Street, Madras, are carrying on the business of their partnership Mis. Fakruddin and Company in that non- residential building be regarded as landlords not occupying a non- residential buidling in the city which is their own, for obtaining under Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act, pdssession of the petition non-residential building of which also they are co-owners.
That a landlord who, for purposes of carrying on his business, is not occupying a non residential building of his own in the city can get under Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act, possession of another non-residential building of his own in the city in the occupation of a tenant was not disputed on behalf of the tenant appellant. But it was contended on behalf C of the tenant·appellant that a landlord occupying for purposes of carrying on his business a non·residential building, of which he is a co-owner cannot claim the benefit of ground of eviction available under section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act against a tenant in a non-residential building of which he is a owner or a co-owner. The sustainability of that contention was, questioned, rather strenuously, by learned counsel for respondents 2 to 11 on the plea D that a landlord who is a co-owner of non-residential. building where he carries on his business, not being its sole owner, such building cannot be regarded as 'his own' envisaged under section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act as would disentitle him to the benefit of the ground of eviction, available thereunder. We find it difficult to accept the plea advanced on behalf of respondents 2 to 11 in questioning the sustainability of the contention raised E on behalf of the appellant tenant.
Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act insofar as it is material, reads t,hus :- "10 (3) (a) …………….. . (i) (ii) …………………. .. (iii) In case it is any other non residential building if the landlord or (any member of his family ) is not occupying for purposes of a G business which he or (any member of his family) is carrying on, a non- residential building in the oity, town or village concerned which is his own."
If a landlord is a co-owner of a non-residential building in the city, town or village concerned, which he is occupying for purposes of carrying H on his business, will be not be occupying therefor a non residential building of his own envisaged in the above Section lO (3) (a) (iii), as would disentitile him to the ground of eviction available thereunder being the real question needing our answer in the light of the aforesaid plea of learned counsel for respondents urged in questioning the sustainability of the contention raised on behalf of the appellant tenant, we have to find the answer therefor.
The answer to the said question, in our view, cannot be anything other than that a non residential building in occupation of landlord which is 'his own' envisaged in Section lO (3) (a) (iii) above, is not only that of which he is an absolute owner, but also that of which he is a co-owner, for a co- owner of a building who is its landlord is regarded under Rent Control Laws of our country as its owner entitled to obtain possession of such a building from a tenant for his bonafide requirement.
In Sri Ram Pasricha v. Jagannath and Ors., [1977] l SCR 395, a three · Judge Bench of this Court had to consider the question whether a co- owner landlord can be said to require the premises for his own occupation within the meaning of the expression "if he is the owner" in Section 13 (1) (f) of the West Bengal Tenancy Act, 1956 which read thus:
"Sec. 13. Protection of tenant against eviction– (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any other law, no order or decree for the recovery of possession of any premises shall be made by any Court in favour of the
landlord against a tenant except on one or more of the following grounds, namely– (f) where the premises are reasonably required by the landlord either for purposes of building or rebuilding or for making thereto substantial additions or alterations or for his own occupation if he is the owner or for the occupation of any person for whose benefit the premises are held."
The Bench which considered the aforesaid question with reference to the said provision of Rent Control law, expressed its view thereon, thus: "Jurisprudentially, it is not correct to say that a co-owner of a property is not its owner. He owns every part of the
composite property along with others and it cannot be said that he is only a part-owner or a fractional owner of the S. F. S. (P) LTD. v. RASULIEE [VENKATACHALA, J.] property. The position will change only when partition takes A place. It is, therefore, not possible to accept the submission that the plaintiff who is admittedly the landlord and co-owner of the premises is not the owner of the premises within the meaning of section 13 (1) (f). It is not necessary to establish that the plaintiff is the only owner of the property for the purpose of section 13 (1) (f) as long as he is a co-owner of B the property being at the same time the acknowledged
landlord of the defendants……… We are of the opinion that co-owner is as much an owner of the entire property as any sole owner of a property is." The owner in the expression 'if he is the owner' in Section 13 (1) (f) of C the West Bengal Tenancy Act, 195.6 when as opined by this Court ought to be regarded as 'the co-owner; inasmuch as 'the owner', like any sole owner of property, there would be no justification for us to hold that 'the non- residential building which is his own' in Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act, can only be that of its absolute 'owner' and not of its 'co-owner'. Therefore, we have no hesitation in reaching the conclusion that the respondents, who are carrying on the business of Mis Fakruddin and Company in non-residential building No. I5I, Linghi Chetty Street MadRls, of which they are co-owners can be regarded as landlords, who are occupying their own non-residential building envisaged under clause (iii) of E Section 10 (3) (a) of the Act, as would disentitle them to retain the benefit of the- eviction order made by the Rent Controller against the tenant in respect of the petition non-residential building at the instance of the deceased respondent-I, for carrying on 'his business on the ground that he did not occupy his own non-residential building for the purpose. Consequently, the eviction order of the Rent Controller as affirmed by the F Appellate, Authority and the High Court, which is under challenge in this appeal, calls to be set aside taking into consideration the developments which have taken place during its pendency in this Court.
However, it was argued on behaif of respondents 2 to 11 that even if the non-residential building where respondent-I was carrying on the G partnership business of Mis Fakruddin and Company, for the carrying on of which he wanted to get possession of the non-residential building in occupation of the appellant-tenant had come to be owned by respondents 2 to 11 because of the death of respondent-I during the pendency of the present appeal, they could not be denied the benefit of eviction order under H c
appeal got by the deceased respondent -I under section IO (3)(a) (iii) of the Act. What was submitted on behalf of respondents 2 to I I was that a proceeding for eviction under the Act should be regarded as having created a vested right when the eviction order of the Controller was affirmed by the High Court in a revision petition allowed under the Act and an appeal pending in this Court under Article 136 of the Constitution against that eviction order, being special appeal provided for under the Constitution cannot be considered as a continuation eviction proceeding as would entitle this Court to deny the relief got by a party from the Rent Controller and the High Court because of the subsequent developments taking place during the pendency of the appeal in this Court. We find it difficult to accede to the said submission ma4e on behalf of respondents 2 to I I in this appeal. Section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act confers a right on a landlord to ~e advantage of the ground available thereunder to evict his/her tenant from a non-residential building.
The right conferred under that provision of the Act is not an accrued right. As held by the Privy Council in Abbott v. Ministers for Land, [I895] AC 425, that a mere right to take advantage of the provision of an Act is not an accrued right and this position is accepted by this Court in Kanaya Ram and Others v. Rajender Kumar and Others, [ 1985) I sec 436, as well. Therefore, if a landlord under the Act obtains an eviction order in respect of a non-residential building against the tenant taking advantage of the right conferred upon him in that regard under section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act such eviction order does not create in him an indefeasible vested right when it has not become final and conclusive, having become the subject of an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution, where this Court has the power to annual such eviction order, if the circumstances so warrant. In Pasupu/eti Venkateswar/u v. The Motor and General Trade, [I975] 1SCC770, where a three Judge Bench of this Court had an occasion to deal about the jurisdiction and property of Court taking note of the circumstances which come into being after the commencement of the eviction proceeding under a Rent Control Legislation, which will have a fundamental impact on the right to relief or the manner of moulding it, explained the legal position thus : " .. It is basic to our processual jl;lrisprudence that the right to relief must be judged to exist as on the date a suitor institutes the legal proceeding. Equally clear is the principle that the procedure is the handmaid and not the mistress of the judicial process. If a fact, arising after the /is has come to court and
has a fundamental impact on the right to relief or the manner A of moulding it, is brought diligently to the notice of the tribunal, it cannot blink at it or be blind to events which stultify or render inept the decretal remedy. Equity justifies bending the rules of the procedure, where no specific
provision or fairplay is not violated, with a view to promote substantial justice- subject, of course, to the absence of B other disentitling factors or just circumstances. Nor can we contemplate any limitation on this power to take note of
updated facts to confine it to the trial Court. If the litigation pends, the power exists, absent other special circumstances repelling resort to that course in law or justice. Rulings on C this point are legion, even as situations for applications of this equitable rule are myriad. We affirm the proposition that for making the right or remedy claimed by the party just and meaningful as also legally and factually in accord with the current realities, the Court can, and in many cases must, take cautious cognizance of events and developments subsequent D to the institution of the proceeding provided the rules of fairness to both sides are scrupulously obeyed … "
The said legal position adumbrated by the three Judge Bench of this Court, leaves no room for us to doubt the power of this Court to take note of the circumstances which have cropped up during the pendency of an E appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution for granting, denying or moulding the relief to be given to a party in such appeal, for meeting the ends of justice. Hence, the power of this Court in an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution to take cautious congnizance of events and developments subsequent to institution of eviction proceeding and grant, F deny, mould the relief sought by a party, in consonance with justice and fair play is not restricted merely because it is exercising its power to deal with an appeal conferred upon it by the Constitution.
In the facts of the present case as we have pointed out earlier respondents 2 to 11 become disentit)ed to obtain eviction order under G section 10 (3) (a) (iii) of the Act because they are the co-owners of a non- residential building, where they are carrying on the business of Mis Fakruddin and Company for carrying on which business the deceased respondent-I had sought eviction of the. appellant-tenant from another non- residential building of which also respondents 2 to 11 have become the co- owners after the demise of respondent-I. Thus, the subsequent developments which have arisen during the pendency of the present appeal warrant the setting aside of the eviction order which is questioned in appeal. In the result, we allow this appeal and set aside the eviction order made against the appellant-tenant by the Rent Controller and the appellate and the revisional orders made thereon by the appellate authority and the High Court, with no costs.
A.G. Appeal allowed. . ….