V ASUDEV DHANJIBHAI MODI RAJABHAI ABDUL REHMAN & ORS. March 18, 1970 [J. C. SHAH, K, S. HEGDE AND A. N. GROVER, JJ.J Execution proceedings-Cii·cun1stances in which question of iurisdic- 11ion of court pt1ssing decree can be raised.
The appellant who was the landlord of certain premises in Ahmad- abad, filed a suit against M for ejectment from the premises, and for Jn order for payment of rent. The trial court dismissed the suit in
~ppeal. The District Court passed a decree in ejectment and fwther appeals agains~ that decision \VCfe !rejected. In proceedings filed by the appellant 'for execution of the decree,
'NI contended that the court of Small Causes which had tried the suit 'had no jurisdiction to entertnin it as the suit premises were not governed by Bombay Act 57 of 1947. The cou·rt executing the decree rejected
this contention. The order was confirmed by a Bench of the Court of ll Small Causes. The High Court of Gujarat in a petition filed by M under Article 227 of the Constitution, ordered that the petition for P-xecution be dismissed.
On appeal t0 this Court, HELD : The appeal must be allowed and the order of the Court of Sn1all Causes restored. When a decree which is a nullity, for instance, \vlie-re it is passed without bringing the Jegal representatives on the record of a person who was dead at the date of the decree,
or against a ruling prince without a certificate, is sought to be executed an objection in that behalf may be raised in a proceeding for execution. Again, when the decree is made by a Court which has no inherent jurisdiction to make it, objcc~ tion as to its validity may be raised in ac execution proceeding if the objection appears on the face of the record : where the objection as to the jurisdiction of the Court to pass the decree does not appear on the face of the record and requires examination of the questions raised and decided at the trial or which could have been but have not been raised, the executing Court will have no jurisdiction to entertain an objection as to the validity of the decree even on the ground of absence of jurisdiction. [68 F]
In the present case the question whether the Court of Sma11 Cause~ had jurisdiction to entertain the suit against M depended upon the inter- pretation of the terms of the agreement of lease and the user to which the land was put at the date of the grant of t1'e lease.
These questions could not be peirmitted to be raised in an execution proceeding so as to dis,,) 'ce the jurisdiction Of the Court which passed the drcree, [69 BJ Jnanendra Mohan' Bhaduri & Anr. v. Rabindra Nath Chakravarti, 60 I.A. 71; referred to.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : rivi! Appeal No, 406 of 1967. VASUDEV RAJABHAI (~nun, J.) Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated August 22, 23, September 10, 1966 of the Gujarat High Court j,n Special Civil Application No. 371 of 1965.
. G I. N. Shroff, for the appellant. R. Gopalakrishnan and J. M. Thacker, for respondent No. 1. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ' Shah, J. Vasudev Dhanjibhai Modi is the owner of Plot No.
15/3 of .Tamalpur Town Planning Scheme, Ahmedabad. Since 1948 Rajabhai Munshi was a te,nant of the land at an annual rental of Rs. 411 /-. Alleging that Munshi committed default in payment of rent, Modi instituted a suit in the Court of Small Causes, Ahmedabad, for an order in ejectment and for payment of rent in arrears. Munshi deposited in Court an amount which he claimed satisfied the liability to pay the rent in arrears. The Court of first instance dismissed the suit. In appeal to the District Court at Ahmedabad the order of the Court of First Instance was reversed and a decree in ejectment was passed in favour of Modi. The order was confirmed in a revision application filed before the High Court of Bombay.
A petition for special leave to appeal against that order was granted by this Court but was later vacated when it was found that Munshi had made false statements in his petition. In the meanwhile Modi applied for execution of the decree in ejectment against Munshi. Munshi raised the contention that the Court of ~:mall Causes had no jurisdiction to entertain the suit and its decree was on that account a nuhity. According to Munshi the suit premises were not governed by the Bombay Rents Hotel & Lodging House Rates (Control) Act 57 of 1947, and that in any event Parts II & III of that Act did not apply to open land and on that account the de_cree of the High Court confirming the de- cree of the District Court was without jurisdiction: The Court executing the decree rejected the contention. An _appeal against that order to a Bench of the Court of Small Causes was also un- successful.
But in a petition under Art. 227 of the Constitution moved by Munshi the High Court of Gujarat (that High ·(;-i)urt having, by virtue of the provisions of the Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960, acquired jurisdicti9n to deal with and dispose of the case) reversed the order of the Court of Small Causes and ordered that the petition for execution be dismissed.
With special leave, Modi has appealed to this Court. The ei~pression "premises" in s. 5(8) of thP. Bombay Rents Hotel & Lodging House Rates (Control) Act 57 of 194 7 does not include premises used for agricultural purposes.
By s. 6 of that Act the provisions of Part 11 which relate to conditions in which orders in cjectment may be made against tenants and other related matters apply to premises let for education, business, trade or stornge.
Jt is plain that the Court exercising power under the Bombay Rents Hotel & Lodging House Rates (Control) 'Act, 1947, has no jurisdiction to entertain a suit for possession of land used for agricultural purposes. Again in ascertaining whether the land demised is used for agricultural purposes, the crucial date is date 0n which the right conferred by the Act is sought to be exercised : Mst. Subhadra v. Narasaji Chenaji Marwadi(').
In this case the suit for ejectment against Munshi was instituted by Medi in the Court of Small Causes. No objection was raised that the Court had no jurisdiction to entertain the suit. The ob- jection was not raised even in appeal, nor before the High Court. The Trial Court dismissed the suit on merits : the decree was re- versed by the District Court and that decree was continued by the High Court. The objection was raised for the first t;me when the decree was sought to be execut~d.
A Court executing a decree cannot go behind the decree : bet- ween the parties or their representatives it must take the decree according to its tenor, and cannot entertain any objecti<¥J that the decree was incorrect in law or on facts.
Until it is set aside by an appropriate proceeding in appeal or revision, a decree even if it be erroneous is still binding between the parties. When a decree which is a nullity, for instance, where it is passed without bringing the legal representatives on the record of a per- son who was dead at the date of the decree, or against a ruling prince without a certificate. is sought to be executed an objection in that behalf may be raised in a proceeding for execution. Again, when the decree is made by a Court which has no inherent jurisdic- tion to make it, objection as to its validity may be raised in an ex~cution poceediqg if the objection appears on the face of the record : where the objection as to the jurisdiction_of the Court to pass the decree does not appear on the face of the record and re- quires examination of the questions raised and decidetl at the trial or which could have been but have not been raised, the executing Court will have no jurisdiction to .entertain an objection as to the validity of the decree even on the ground of absence of jurisdiction. In J:;.inendra Mohan Bhaduri & Anr. v. Rabindra Nath Chakra- varti(2) the Judicial Committee held that where a decree was pa5sed .. upon an award made under the provisions of the Indian Arbitra- tion Act, 1899, an objection in the course of the execution pro- ceeding that the decree was made without jurisdiction, since under (l) [1962) 3 S.C.R. 98.
(2) L.R. 60 I.A. 71. c c VASUDEV RAJABHA! (Shah, J.) the Indian Arbitration Act, 1899, there is no provision for mak- ing a decree upon an award, was competent. That was a case in which the decree was on the face of the record without jurisdiction. In the present case the question whether the Court of Small Causes had jurisdiction to entertain the suit against Munshi de- pend.~d upon the intepretation of the terms of the agreement of lease, and the user to which the land was put at the date of the grant of the lease. These questions cannot be permitted to be raised in an execution proceeding so as to displace the jurisdiction of the Court which passed the decree. If the decree is on the face of the record without jurisdiction and the question does not relate to the territorial jurisdiction or under s. 11 of the Suits Valua- tion Act, objection to the jurisdiction of the Court to make the decree may be raised; where it is necessary to investigate facts in order to determine whether the Court which had passed the de- cree had no jurisdiction to entertain and try the suit, the objec- tion cannot be raised in the execution proceeding.
The High Court was of the view that where there is lack of inhe1.:nt jurisdiction in th.e Court which passed the decree, the executing Court must refuse to execute it on the ground that the decree is a nullity. But, in our judgment, for the purpose of de- termining whether the Court which passed the decree had jurisdic· tion to try the suit, it is necessary to determine facts on the deci- sion of which the question depends, and the objection does not appear on the face of the record, the executing Court cannot enter upon and enquiry into those facts. In the view of the High Court since the land leased was at the date of the lease used for agri- cultural purposes and that it so appeared on investigation of the terms of the lease and other relevant evidence, it was open to the Court to hold that the decree was without jurisdiction and on that account a nullity. The view taken by the High Court, in our judgmenc, cannot be sustained.
The appeal is allowed and the order passed by the High Court is set aside. The order· of the Court of Small Causes is restored. The respondent Munshi will pay the costs of the appellant
ruroughout. R.K.P.S. Appeal allowed.