VRINDAVAN GOVERlllAN IAL PilTIE v. URION OF INDIA & <115. APRIL 29, 1986 [R.B. MISRA AND G.L. OZA, JJ.] Wealth Tax Act, 1957 s. lB(l)(a) as amended by Finance )- Act 1969 – Delay in filing return – Minillllm penalty 1/2% of the value of net wealth for each month of delay – Leavy of penalty – Whether constitutionally valid.
The petitioner was granted extension of time for three months for filing his wealth tax return. However, he filed the return four months after the period of extension. The Wealth ~ Tax Officer imposed a penalty on him under s. 18(l)(a) of the Wealth Tax Act 1957 at the rate of 1/2% of the total wealth c
assessed for every month of default and the total penalty imposed for four months was equal to Rs. 6,784. This order of the Wealth Tax Officer was maintained by the Appellate Assistant Colllllissioner. Thereafter, the petitioner filed a writ petition in the High Court challenging the constitutional validity of s. 18(l)(a) of the Act as amended by the Finance "'> Act, 1969 on the ground that it infringes Articles 14 and 19(l)(f) of the Constitution. The High Court dismissed the petition on the ground that the petitioner had not exhausted the alternative remedies available to him under the Act.
'1 The petitioner then filed the present writ petition before the Supreme Court challenging the provisions contained in s. lB(l)(a) on the grounds : (i) that the section permits the levy of minillllm penalty of 1/2% of the net wealth assessed per month for each month of delay in filing the return and therefore it is in contravention of Article 19(1 )(f) of the Constitution as in an appropriate case, the penalty may be equal to the value of total wealth assessed that is the
maximum limit of the penalty permissible and is therefore confiscatory ; (ii) that the penalty should be co-related with \. the duty and not with the net wealth assessed and thus the ·-r penalty leviable at 1/2 per cent of the net wealth is
unreasonable, and therefore, it is hit by Article 19(l)(f); c (iii) that the provision gives a wide discretion to the Wealth Tax Officer without any guidelines to impose minilllllll penaltyi.-<" which is 1/2 per cent of the assessed wealth upto the maxi1111m which is equal to the total value of the assessed wealth and thus this discretion violates Article 14 of the Constitution ; and (iv) that so far as a smaller asses see is concerned the penalty of 1/2 per cent is harsh, whereas for a substantial assessee it is rather lenient and thus is discriminatory and, therefore, contrary to the provisions contained in Article 14 of the Constitution.
i Dismissing the Writ Petition, HELD : 1. The petition is without any substance. The~ imposition of penalty at the rate of 1/2 per cent of the total. assessed wealth for each 1110nth's delay could not be said to be confiscatory in nature. It is not unreasonable for any reasort on the basis of which it could be said that it will be in
contravention of Article 19(l)(f). Moreover, the section has since been amended and no such dispute is likely to arise in future. (862 B; 860 H; E-F] 2. In case of a smaller assessee 1/2% of the total
wealth assessed will be 1111ch less as compared to the 1 /2 per cent in the case of a substantial assessee whose wealth.J.,_~ assessed is of 1111ch higher value thus although it is 1/2 per cent in both the cases, as it is related to the total wealth assessed, smaller the assessee lesser will be the penalty and richer the assessee the penalty will be higher and by no
stretch of imagination this could be said to be eithel')- unreasonable or discriminatory. The penalty will be for default of each month and in this view of the matter, therefore, neither it could be contended that it is i~
contravention of Article 19(l)(f) nor in contravention of Article 14 of the Constitution. (861 C-E] .Jamb H.K. Sultan lbrahia .Adtma v. Wealth Tu Officer I(I) Iaraflgwlf, 91 I.T.R. 417, approved.
Kwmathat 'lhatbomd Moopil !lair v. State of l'erala • . Anr., (1961] 3 S.C.R. 77, in-applicable. f–• ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition No. 75 of 1972. VRINDAVAN GOVERDllAN LAL v. U.O.I. [OZA, J.]
Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India. K.L. Rathi and A. Subba Rao, for the Petitioner. S.C. Manchanda, K.C. Dua and Ms. A. Subhashini, for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
OZA, J. In this petition the petitioner has challenged an order of penalty imposed against the petitioner by the Wealth Tax Officer at the rate of 1/2 per cent of the total wealth assessed for every month of default and out of seven months default, a penalty imposed was for four months equal to Rs. 6,784. The petitioner had sought for extension of time for three months which was granted and, thereafter filed the
-· return four months after the period extended by the Wealth Tax Officer. This order of the Wealth Tax Officer was maintained by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. It appears that
during the pendency of the appeal before the 4th respondent the petitioner filed a writ petition in the High Court of Andhra Pradesh challenging the constitutional validity of Section 18(l)(a) of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957 as amended by the Finance Act, 1969 on the ground that it infringes Articles 14 and 19(1)(f) of the Constitution. That petition was dismissed by the Division Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court on the ground that the petitioner has not exhausted the alternative remedies available to him under the Act. Thereafter the
petitioner has filed the present petition challenging the provisions contained in" Section 18(1)(a) on the ground that it is invalid as unconstitutional because it infringes the right of the petitioner under Articles 14 and 19(1)(f) of the
Constitution of India. It is admitted on all hands that the offending provision has since been amended and no such dispute is likely to arise in future. Even during the period 1969-70 when the offending provision was there, the petition giving rise to the present appeal appears to be the sole petition wherein the provision of Section 18(1) has been challenged. The question involved in the present case is, therefore, only of a11 academic interest. c
c (19861 2 s.c.R. Section 18 of the Wealth Tax Act as it stood at the relevant time reads "Section 18. Penalty for failure to furnish returns, to comply with notices and concealment of
assets, etc. – (1) if the Wealth-tax Officer, Appellate Assistant Cooml.ssioner, Cooml.ssiol\er or Appellate Tribuna.1 f.n the course of any proceedings under this Act is satisfied that any person –
(a) has without reasonable cause failed to furnish the return which he is required to furnish under sub-section (1) of Section 14 or by notice given under sub-section (2) of Section 14 or Section 17,
or has without rea!lonable cause failed to furnish within the time allowed and in the manner required by sub-.ection (11 of Section 14 or by such notice, as the case may be; or (b) has without reasonable cause failed to cQ~ly
with a notice under sub-;jection (2) or sub-.ection (4) of Section 16 ; or (c) has concealed the particulars of any asseta or furnished inaccurate particulai;s of any assets or i/
debts; he or it may, by order in writing, direct that such person shall pay by way of penalty – (i) in the cases referred to in clause (a), in addition to the amount of wealth–tax, if any,
payable by hi111, a SUJU, for every month during which the default continued, equal to one-half per cent f- of – (A) the net wealth assessed under Section 16 as reduced by the amount of net wealth on wl\ich, in
accordance with the rates of wealth-tax specified in Paragraph A of Part I of the Schadµle or Part ~I of the Schedule, the wt!alth-tax chargeable is aj.l, or VRINDAVAN GOVERDHAN I.AL v. U.O. I. [OZA, J,]
(B) the net wealth assessed under Section 17, where assessment has been made under that section, as reduced by – ( 1) the net wealth, if any, assessed previously under section 16 or section 17, or
(2) the amount of net wealth on whlch, in accordance with the rates of wealth-tax specified in Paragraph A of Part I of the Schedule or Part II of the Schedule, the wealth-tax chargeable ls
nil, whichever ls greater, but not exceeding, in the aggregate., an amount equal to the net wealth assessed under Section 16, or as the case may be, the net wealth assessed under Section 17, as reduced in either case in the
manner aforesaid; (ii) in the cases referred to in clause (b), in addition to the amount of wealth-tax payable by him, a sum which shall not be less than one per cent of the assessed net wealth but which shall not
exceed the amount of the assessed net wealth. Explanation – For the purposes of clause (ii), "assessed net wealth" shall be taken to be the net wealth assessed under Section 16 as reduced by the
net wealth declared in the return if any, furnished by such person, or, as the case may be, the net wealth assessed under Section 17 as reduced by – ( i) the net wealth, if any, assessed previously
under Section 16 or Section 17, or (ii) the net wealth declared in the return, if any, furnished by such person under Section 17 whichever is greater; (ill) in the cases referred to in clause (c), in
addition to any wealth-tax payable by him, a sum c c which shall not be less than, but which shall not • exceed twice, the amount representing the value of any assets in respect of which the particulars have
been concealed or any assets or debts in respect of which inaccurate particulars have been concealed or any assets or debts in respect of which inaccurate particulars have been furnished.
Explanation 1, – Where – (i) the value of any asset returned by any person is less than seventy five per cent of the value of such asset as determined in an assessment under Section 16 or Section 17 (the value so assessed llll
being referred to hereafter in this Explanation as ,, the correct value of the asset), or (ii) the value of any debt returned by any person exceeds the value of such debt as determined in an
assessment under Section 16 or Section 17 by more than twenty-five per cent of the value so assessed (the value so assessed being referred to hereafter in this Explanation as the correct value of the
debt), or (iii) the net wealth returned by any person is less than seventy-five per cent of the net wealth as assessed under Section 16 or Section 17 (the net wealth so assessed being referred to hereafter in
this Explanation as the correct net wealth), r- then, such person shall, unless he proves that the failure to return the correct value of the asset +- or, as the case may be, the correct value of the
debt or the correct net wealth did not arise from any fraud or any fraud or any gross or wilful neglect on his part, be deemed to have concealed the particulars of assets or furnished inaccurate
particulars of assets or debts for the purposes of clause (c) of this sub-section. -f. Explanation 2. – For the purposes of clause (iii) – VRINDAVAN GOVERDHAN LAL v. U.O,l. [OZA, J,]
(a) the amount representing the value of any assets in respect of which the particulars have been concealed or any assets in respect of which inaccurate particulars have been furnished, shall
be the value of such assets determined for the purposes of this Act as reduced by the value thereof, if any, declared in the return made under Section 14 or Section 15; (b) the amount representing the value of any debts
in respect of which inaccurate particulars have been furnished, shall be the amount by which the value of such debts declared in the return made under Section 14 or Section 15 exceeds the value
thereof determined for the purposes of this Act. (2) No order shall be made under sub-section (1) unless the person concerned has been given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
(2A) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (i) or clause (iii) of sub-section (1), the Commissioner may, in his discreti.on, – (i) reduce or waive the amount of minilll..IIll penalty
imposable on a person under clause (i) of sub-section (1) for failure, without reasonable cause, to furnish the return of net weal th which such person was required to furnish under
sub-section (1) of Section 14, or (ii) reduce or waive the amount of minilll..IIll penalty imposable on a person under clause (iii), of sub-section (1), If he is satisfied that such person – (a) in the
case referred to in clause (i) of this sub-section has, prior to the issue of notice to him under sub-section (2) of Section 14, voluntarily and in good faith, made full disclosure of his net wealth;
and in the case referred to in clause (ii) of this sub-section has, prior to the detection by the Wealth-tax Officer of the concealment of c c 'l particulars of assets or of the inaccuracy o. «
particulars furnished in respect of the assets or debts in respect of which the penalty is imposable, voluntarily and in good faith, made full and true disclosure of such particulars;
(b) has co-operated in any enquiry relating to the assessment of the wealth represented by such assets; and (c) has either paid or made satisfactory arrangements for payment of any tax or interest
payable in consequence of an order passed under this Act in respect of the relevant assessment'Jllllli year. (2B) An order under sub-section (2A) shall be final and shall not be called in question before any
court of law or any other authority. (3) Notwithstanding anything· contained in clause (iii) of sub-section (1), if in a case falling under clause (c) of that sub-section, the minimum
penalty imposable exceeds a sum of rupees on'4. ~ thousand, the Wealth-tax Officer shall refer the case to the Inspecting Assistant Conmissloner who shall, for the purpose, have all the powers
conferred under this section for the imposition of penalty. (4) An Appellate Assistant Conmissioner, a Commissioner or the Appellate Tribunal on making an A. order under this section imposing a penalty, shall~
forthwith send a copy of the same to the Wealth-tax Officer. (5) No order imposing a penalty under this section shall be passed after the expiration of two years from the date of the completion of the proceedings
in the course of which the proceedings for thef.– imposition of penalty have been commenced. Explanation – In computing the period of limitation for the purposes of this Section, the time taken in
VRlNDAVAN GOVERDHAN LAL v. U,O.I. [OZA, J,] giving an opportunity to the assessee to be reheard under the proviso to section 39 and any period during which a proceeding under this section for
the levy of penalty is stayed by an order or injunction of any court shall be excluded." The main contention advanced by the learned counsel is that this provision permits the levy of mini111.11n penalty of 1/2 per cent of the net wealth assessed per month for each month of delay in filing the return and, therefore, it is in
contravention of Article 19(l)(f) of the Constitution as in an appropriate case the penalty may be equal to the value of total wealth assessed that is the maxilllllD limit of the penalty permissible and is, therefore confiscatory.
The penalty for late filing the return under Section 18(l)(a)(i) is 1/2 per cent per month. It, therefore, permits the imposition of penalty for delay of each month whereas the wealth tax is assessed on the net wealth per year and
according to the petitioner, therefore, this also is in contravention of Article 19(l)(f), It is also contended that the penalty should be co-related with the duty and not with the net wealth assessed and thus the penalty leviable at 1/2 per cent of the net wealth, it is unreasonable and, therefore, also is hit by Article 19(l)(f),
It is also contended that as this provision confers jurisdiction on the Wealth Tax Officer to i~se minilllllD penalty which is 1/2 per cent of the assessed wealth upto the maxilll.llll which is equal to the total value of the assessed wealth and thereby gives a wide discretion to the Wealth Tax Officer without any guidelines and thus this discretion
violates Article 14 of the Constitution. It was also contended that levy of penalty at the rate of 1/2 per cent is discriminatory because the assessee who is a smaller assessee and whose wealth tax is assessed at 1/2 per cent also will suffer a penalty of 1/2 per cent whereas the other who may be a substantital assesses and pays wealth tax at a higher rate still the penalty which could be imposed is only 1/2 per cent and in this manner so far as a smaller
assessee is concerned it is harsh, whereas for a substantial assessee it is rather lenient and thus is dl.scriad.natory and, c c [19861 2 s.c.R. therefore, contrary to the provisions contained in Article l~ of the Constitution.
It is clear from what has been stated earlier that the question is not at all of public importance nor it is going to affect a number of assessees as admittedly the law has been amended thereafter and the present petition is the only
petition in respect of the provisions of Section 18 as it stood in 1969-70. So far as the question of confiscatory nature of the provision is concerned, it is clear that the penalty has been j
provided at the rate of 1 /2 per cent of the net assesse~d wealth per month or each month's delay. It is, therefore, clear that for a month's delay in filing the return the onl penalty which could be imposed is 1 /2 per cent of the tota} wealth. It was contended that if this delay goes on to the extent that th2 penalty will be equal to the wealth as that is the
maxim.Im limit permissible it is confiscatory and, therefore, contravenes Article 19(1 )(f) of the Constitution. This contention is purely based on a hypothesis consideration of which is nothing but an academic exercise as admittedly the penalty imposed on the petitioner is only for four months
delay which will come to only two per cent of the total wealtl:li.- assessed and it could, therefore, not be contended that the penalty imposed against the petitioner is confiscatory in
nature. Such a situation can never arise as admittedly the provision has then been amended and there is no question of such a situation now. In this view of the matter this contention cannot be accepted as it is just a mere imaginatio1" and is not based on facts of this case. The imposition of
penalty at the rate of 1/2 per cent (of the total. assessed& wealth) for each month's delay could not be said to ~ consiscatory in nature. It was contended that the penalty should have been
related to tax rather than to the wealth and as it has been co-related with wealth it is unreasonable. This argument is utilised for challenging this provision as in contravention of _ Article 19(l)(f) as well as of Article 14. The levy of penalt1'….i of 1/2 per cent of the total wealth assessed could not be said – to be unreasonable for any reason on the basis of which it could be said that it will be in contravention of Article
VRINDAVAN GOVERDHAN LAL v. u.o.r. [OZA, J.] ,.,_ 19(l)(f). The other argument on the basis of which an attempt was made to attract Article 14 is that in the case of a small assessee where the rate of tax is 1/2 per cent and still he can suffer a penalty at the rate of 1/2 per cent whereas an assessee whose assessed wealth is of higher valuation wherein he is liable to pay wealth tax at a higher rate still if he colllllits default as contemplated under this provision the penalty to which he will be liable to pay wealth tax at the 'f rate of 3 per cent of the total wealth assessed. This
contention advanced by the learned counsel appears to be fallacious as whatever the rate of tax but if he is a small assessee the penalty will be 1/2 per cent of the total wealth assessed and if he is a bigger assessee the penalty will be ~ 1/2 per cent of the total wealth assessed, Thus in case of a smaller assessee 1/2 per cent of the total wealth assessed -t will be 111.1ch less as compared to the 1/2 per cent in the case of a substantial assessee whose
wealth assessed is of 111.1ch higher value thus although it is 1/2 per cent in both the cases, as it is related to the total wealth assessed smaller the assessee lesser will be the penalty and richer the
assessee the penalty will be higher and by no stretch of imagination this could be said to be either unreasonable or discriminatory. This penalty will be for default of each month – J in this view of the matter, therefore, neither it could be contended thaL it is in contravention of Article 19(l)(f) nor in contravention of Article 14 of the Constitution.
Learned counsel placed reliance on a decision reported in Kunnathat 'Dlatbmmi !b>pil Nair v. State of Kerala & Anr., [1961] 3 S.C.R. 77 where while examining the constitutional validity of the Land Tax imposed by the Travancore-Cochin Land Tax Act, 1955 this Court struck it down on the ground that it gave a blanket power to the State to exempt any one from
operation of this Act and for exercise of power under Sec. 7 there were no guidelines or principles laid down in the Act itself, This decision, therefore, is of no consequence so far as the present petition is concerned.
It appears that during the period this provision remained in force nobody challenged this except the present and one before the Madras High Court the decision of which is reported in Juab M.M. Sultan Ibrabia Adlua v. Wealth Tax Officer I
JCara11rnd1, 91 I.T.R, 417 where exactly similar contention was repelled by the Division Bench of the Madras High Court. [19861 2 s.c.R. It is, therefore, clear that besidas the contentions ~
ad'lanced in this case are of purely acadelllic importance and are of no consequence, in future on 111erits also there appears to be rto substance in the contentions advanced by the leanled counsel for
the petitioner. In our opinion, therefore, the petition is without any substance and is, therefore, dismissed. In the circumstances of the case parties are directed to bear their own costs. Security amount if deposited will be refunded to the petitioner.
j M.L.A. Petition dismissed.